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    A Gas Bearing Mechanism for Stable Electrical Recording From Individual Neurons in Pulsating Human Cerebral Cortex

    Source: Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control:;1975:;volume( 097 ):;issue: 003::page 234
    Author:
    S. R. Goldstein
    ,
    E. M. Schmidt
    ,
    F. L. Bierley
    ,
    M. Bak
    DOI: 10.1115/1.3426924
    Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Abstract: The instrument described enables acute electrical recording from single cells in the human cerebral cortex with minimal tissue trauma. In spite of the great long-term interest that has been manifest in this type of measurement, until now, such recordings have been extremely limited due to difficulties caused by cortical motions of several mm occurring when part of the cranium is removed during surgery. The new mechanism uses gas journal and thrust bearings to enable a recording microelectrode to continuously remain near a single cell while exerting extremely small contact force on the cortex. The recording microelectrode is mounted on a miniature lead screw attached to a rider tube which is supported in gas journal bearings so it can freely follow the pulsatile motion of the brain surface. The microelectrode, protruding up to 5 mm beyond the rider tube into the cortex, moves with the surface and thereby retains its relative position in the tissue throughout the motion. The rider tube weight is offset by an internally generated variable pressure force that automatically maintains the contact force less than 11.7 × 10−4 N (0.004 oz) for electrode insertion angles up to 1 rad from vertical. The resultant contact pressure is approximately 1.1 × 102 Pa (0.9 mm Hg), a value considerably less than the tissue capillary perfusion pressure. Recording depth is varied without disturbance to the cortex by actuating the lead screw with an assembly of gas thrust bearings which do not influence the axial motion of the rider tube. During checkout on rhesus monkeys, a single cell was “held” for 50 min in the presence of 3/4 -mm peak-to-peak cortical motions. Recordings were obtained from a single cell in a human cerebral cortex undergoing 1-1/2 -mm pulsations over a period of 17-1/2 min at which point the protocol was terminated in order to proceed with the surgery.
    keyword(s): Gas bearings , Mechanisms , Motion , Force , Pressure , Biological tissues , Screws , Thrust bearings , Surgery , Brain , Journal bearings , Weight (Mass) , Electrodes , Instrumentation AND Manufacturing ,
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      A Gas Bearing Mechanism for Stable Electrical Recording From Individual Neurons in Pulsating Human Cerebral Cortex

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/87260
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    • Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control

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    contributor authorS. R. Goldstein
    contributor authorE. M. Schmidt
    contributor authorF. L. Bierley
    contributor authorM. Bak
    date accessioned2017-05-08T22:58:13Z
    date available2017-05-08T22:58:13Z
    date copyrightSeptember, 1975
    date issued1975
    identifier issn0022-0434
    identifier otherJDSMAA-26029#234_1.pdf
    identifier urihttp://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl/handle/yetl/87260
    description abstractThe instrument described enables acute electrical recording from single cells in the human cerebral cortex with minimal tissue trauma. In spite of the great long-term interest that has been manifest in this type of measurement, until now, such recordings have been extremely limited due to difficulties caused by cortical motions of several mm occurring when part of the cranium is removed during surgery. The new mechanism uses gas journal and thrust bearings to enable a recording microelectrode to continuously remain near a single cell while exerting extremely small contact force on the cortex. The recording microelectrode is mounted on a miniature lead screw attached to a rider tube which is supported in gas journal bearings so it can freely follow the pulsatile motion of the brain surface. The microelectrode, protruding up to 5 mm beyond the rider tube into the cortex, moves with the surface and thereby retains its relative position in the tissue throughout the motion. The rider tube weight is offset by an internally generated variable pressure force that automatically maintains the contact force less than 11.7 × 10−4 N (0.004 oz) for electrode insertion angles up to 1 rad from vertical. The resultant contact pressure is approximately 1.1 × 102 Pa (0.9 mm Hg), a value considerably less than the tissue capillary perfusion pressure. Recording depth is varied without disturbance to the cortex by actuating the lead screw with an assembly of gas thrust bearings which do not influence the axial motion of the rider tube. During checkout on rhesus monkeys, a single cell was “held” for 50 min in the presence of 3/4 -mm peak-to-peak cortical motions. Recordings were obtained from a single cell in a human cerebral cortex undergoing 1-1/2 -mm pulsations over a period of 17-1/2 min at which point the protocol was terminated in order to proceed with the surgery.
    publisherThe American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    titleA Gas Bearing Mechanism for Stable Electrical Recording From Individual Neurons in Pulsating Human Cerebral Cortex
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume97
    journal issue3
    journal titleJournal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control
    identifier doi10.1115/1.3426924
    journal fristpage234
    journal lastpage242
    identifier eissn1528-9028
    keywordsGas bearings
    keywordsMechanisms
    keywordsMotion
    keywordsForce
    keywordsPressure
    keywordsBiological tissues
    keywordsScrews
    keywordsThrust bearings
    keywordsSurgery
    keywordsBrain
    keywordsJournal bearings
    keywordsWeight (Mass)
    keywordsElectrodes
    keywordsInstrumentation AND Manufacturing
    treeJournal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control:;1975:;volume( 097 ):;issue: 003
    contenttypeFulltext
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    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2015  DuraSpace
    نرم افزار کتابخانه دیجیتال "دی اسپیس" فارسی شده توسط یابش برای کتابخانه های ایرانی | تماس با یابش
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