Investigation of an Ammonia-Fueled SOFC-mGT Hybrid System: Performances Analysis and Comparison With Natural Gas-Based System

Abstract

Hybrid systems (HS) are highly attractive in power generation due to their potential for higher power outputs and efficiencies by integrating different technologies. Among solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) plants, the SOFC-Micro-Gas Turbine (mGT) system is particularly innovative. In this setup, the SOFC replaces the mGT combustion chamber, with an afterburner completing fuel combustion before the expander. Various configurations and control systems have been explored over the years, and prototypes have demonstrated satisfactory efficiency. However, these systems have predominantly used NG and Biogas, which do not achieve zero carbon emissions. The growing global demand for carbon-free energy production is increasing, highlighting the importance of alternative fuels in the power generation sector: among them, thanks to its chemical and physical properties, ammonia is gaining more and more interest. This work investigates an innovative ammonia-to-power system based on an SOFC-mGT HS, focusing on thermodynamic parameters, system features, and technical and environmental challenges. A MATLAB/Simulink model, built on a validated HS model fueled by NG, was developed to analyze the new system configuration. This configuration replaces the SOFC prereformer with an ammonia cracker, allowing for the exploration of anode gas recirculation effects and optimal system design. Key operating parameters such as anodic recirculation factor, fuel utilization, performance, and gas turbine characteristics are discussed. Finally, a comparison is made between hybrid systems and mGTs powered by methane, biogas, and ammonia.