Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Soot Emissions in Oxygenated Ethylene Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures

Abstract

We report herein a computational study to characterize the effect of oxygenation on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot emissions in ethylene diffusion flames at pressures 1–8 atm. Laminar oxygenated flames are established in a counterflow configuration by using N2 diluted fuel stream along with O2-enriched oxidizer stream such that the stoichiometric mixture fraction (ζst) is varied, but the adiabatic flame temperature is not materially changed. Simulations are performed using a validated fuel chemistry model and a detailed soot model. The primary objective is to enhance the fundamental understanding of PAHs and soot formation in oxygenated flames at elevated pressures. At a given pressure, as the level of oxygenation (ζst) is increased, we observe a significant reduction in PAHs (benzene and pyrene) and consequently in soot formation. On the other hand, at a fixed ζst, as pressure is increased, it leads to increased PAHs formation and thus higher soot emission. Both soot number density and soot volume fraction increase with pressure. The reaction path analysis indicates that at higher pressures, the C2/C4 path becomes more significant for benzene formation compared to the propargyl recombination path. Results further indicate that the effectiveness of oxygenation in reducing the formation of pyrene and soot becomes less pronounced at higher pressures. In contrast, the effect of pressure on pyrene and soot formation becomes more pronounced at higher oxygenation levels. The behavior can be explained by examining the flame structure and hydrodynamics effects at different pressure and oxygenation levels.