Working Fluid Selection and Technoeconomic Optimization of a Turbocompression Cooling System

Abstract

Low grade waste heat recovery presents an opportunity to utilize typically wasted energy to reduce overall energy consumption and improve system efficiencies. In this work, the technoeconomic performance of a turbocompression cooling system (TCCS) driven by low grade waste heat in the engine coolant of a large marine diesel generator set is investigated. Five different working fluids were examined to better understand the effects of fluid characteristics on system performance: R134a, R245fa, R1234ze(E), R152a, and R600a. A coupled thermodynamic, heat exchanger, and economic simulation was developed to calculate the simple payback period of the waste heat recovery system, which was minimized using a search and find optimization routine with heat exchanger effectiveness as the optimization parameter. A sensitivity study was performed to understand which heat exchanger effectiveness had the largest impact on payback period. Of the five working fluids examined, a TCCS with R152a as the working fluid had the lowest payback period of 1.46 years with an initial investment of $181,846. The R152a system was most sensitive to the two-phase region of the power cycle condenser. The R1234ze(E) system provided the largest return on investment over a ten year lifetime of $1,399,666.