Predictions of Transient Flame Lift off Length With Comparison to Single Cylinder Optical Engine Experiments

Abstract

A stateoftheart, gridconvergent simulation methodology was applied to threedimensional calculations of a singlecylinder optical engine. A mesh resolution study on a sectorbased version of the engine geometry further verified the RANSbased cell size recommendations previously presented by Senecal et al. (“Grid Convergent Spray Models for Internal Combustion Engine CFD Simulations,â€‌ ASME Paper No. ICEF201292043). Convergence of cylinder pressure, flame liftoff length, and emissions was achieved for an adaptive mesh refinement cell size of 0.35 mm. Full geometry simulations, using mesh settings derived from the grid convergence study, resulted in excellent agreement with measurements of cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and NOx emissions. On the other hand, the full geometry simulations indicated that the flame liftoff length is not converged at 0.35 mm for jets not aligned with the computational mesh. Further simulations suggested that the flame liftoff lengths for both the nonaligned and aligned jets appear to be converged at 0.175 mm. With this increased mesh resolution, both the trends and magnitudes in flame liftoff length were well predicted with the current simulation methodology. Good agreement between the overall predicted flame behavior and the available chemiluminescence measurements was also achieved. The present study indicates that cell size requirements for accurate prediction of full geometry flame liftoff lengths may be stricter than those for global combustion behavior. This may be important when accurate soot predictions are required.