Influence of In-Plane Dynamics of Thin Compression Rings on Friction in Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract

The compression ring-bore conjunction accounts for significant frictional parasitic losses relative to its size. The prerequisite to improving the tribological performance of this contact is a fundamental understanding of ring dynamics within the prevailing transient nature of the regime of lubrication. Studies reported thus far take into account ring-bore conformance based on static fitment of the ring within an out-of-round bore, whose out-of-circularity is affected by manufacturing processes, surface treatment, and assembly. The static fitment analyses presume quasi-static equilibrium between ring tension and gas pressure loading with generated conjunctional pressures. This is an implicit assumption of ring rigidity while in situ. The current analysis considers the global modal behavior of the ring as an eigenvalue problem, thus including its dynamic in-plane behavior in the tribological study of a mixed-hydrodynamic regime of lubrication. The results show that the contact transit time is shorter than that required for the ring to reach steady state condition. Hence, the conjunction is not only subject to transience on account of changing contact kinematics and varied combustion loading, but also subject to perpetual ring transient dynamics. This renders the ring-bore friction a more complex problem than usually assumed in idealized ring fitment analyses. An interesting finding of the analysis is increased ring-bore clearance at and in the vicinity of top dead center, which reduces the ring-sealing effect and suggests a possible increase in blow-by. The current analysis, integrating ring in-plane modal dynamics and mixed regime of lubrication, includes salient features, which are a closer representation of practice, an approach which has not hitherto been reported in literature.