Formulating Low-Energy Cement Products

Abstract

The study examined several formulations that may serve as a green substitute for traditional portland cement. The primary objective of the project was to produce a durable, low-energy cementitious material from flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum that was converted to hemihydrate. The study also included spent ash from circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC), and Class F fly ash. Hemihydrate would give the by-product cement early strength development, and the spent-bed/ultrafine ash blend would provide the by-product cement with long-term strength (gaining slowly at first) and decrease solublity. A spent-bed/ultrafine ash ratio of