Prediction of Gradation-Based Heavy Metal Mass Using Granulometric Indices of Snowmelt Particles

Abstract

Urban activities, infrastructure, transportation, and vehicle/infrastructure interactions are sources of metals and particulates in the built environment. These constituents are dry deposited in surrounding aqueous, soil, or snow environments on a continual basis, wet deposited during rainfall–runoff or snowmelt events, and partition between dissolved, colloidal, and particulate phases. Once transported into the porous matrix of snow, particulates, and metals may remain in the matrix for residence times measured in days, potentially resulting in metal partitioning to the particulate-bound phase. This study examined snowmelt particulate (granulometric) and metal data from 10 similar urban land use sites separated by