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    Foundation Liquefaction Countermeasures for Earth Embankments

    Source: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering:;1998:;Volume ( 124 ):;issue: 006
    Author:
    Korhan Adalier
    ,
    Ahmed-W. Elgamal
    ,
    Geoffrey R. Martin
    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:6(500)
    Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
    Abstract: A centrifuge-testing program is conducted to assess the earthquake performance of countermeasure retrofit techniques for a liquefiable foundation under an existing embankment. Currently, such testing results offer a valuable alternative to actual full-scale dynamic response, which is virtually nonexistent for retrofitted embankments. The response of a cohesive highway embankment supported on a loose saturated sand layer is analyzed under dynamic base excitation conditions. In a series of five separate model tests, this embankment-foundation system is studied first without, and then with the following four different liquefaction countermeasure techniques: densification, cement deep-soil-mixing, gravel berms, and sheet-pile enclosure. The underlying mechanism and effectiveness of each countermeasure are discussed based on the recorded dynamic response. Effects of each countermeasure on both foundation excess pore pressures and embankment deformations are analyzed and compared. The implemented countermeasures are found to reduce embankment vertical deformations by a maximum of about 50%. However, in some cases cracking and lateral spreading of the embankment are practically eliminated. Thus, retrofit techniques that constrain lateral flow of the underlying liquefied soil are deemed to be particularly effective in preserving overall embankment integrity.
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      Foundation Liquefaction Countermeasures for Earth Embankments

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/51548
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    contributor authorKorhan Adalier
    contributor authorAhmed-W. Elgamal
    contributor authorGeoffrey R. Martin
    date accessioned2017-05-08T21:26:25Z
    date available2017-05-08T21:26:25Z
    date copyrightJune 1998
    date issued1998
    identifier other%28asce%291090-0241%281998%29124%3A6%28500%29.pdf
    identifier urihttp://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl/handle/yetl/51548
    description abstractA centrifuge-testing program is conducted to assess the earthquake performance of countermeasure retrofit techniques for a liquefiable foundation under an existing embankment. Currently, such testing results offer a valuable alternative to actual full-scale dynamic response, which is virtually nonexistent for retrofitted embankments. The response of a cohesive highway embankment supported on a loose saturated sand layer is analyzed under dynamic base excitation conditions. In a series of five separate model tests, this embankment-foundation system is studied first without, and then with the following four different liquefaction countermeasure techniques: densification, cement deep-soil-mixing, gravel berms, and sheet-pile enclosure. The underlying mechanism and effectiveness of each countermeasure are discussed based on the recorded dynamic response. Effects of each countermeasure on both foundation excess pore pressures and embankment deformations are analyzed and compared. The implemented countermeasures are found to reduce embankment vertical deformations by a maximum of about 50%. However, in some cases cracking and lateral spreading of the embankment are practically eliminated. Thus, retrofit techniques that constrain lateral flow of the underlying liquefied soil are deemed to be particularly effective in preserving overall embankment integrity.
    publisherAmerican Society of Civil Engineers
    titleFoundation Liquefaction Countermeasures for Earth Embankments
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume124
    journal issue6
    journal titleJournal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
    identifier doi10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:6(500)
    treeJournal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering:;1998:;Volume ( 124 ):;issue: 006
    contenttypeFulltext
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