Application of Artificial Neural Network to Nucleic Acid Analysis: Accurate Discrimination for Untypical RealTime Fluorescence Curves With High Specificity and Sensitivity

Abstract

As a division of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), convective PCR (CPCR) is able to achieve highly efficient thermal cycling based on free thermal convection with pseudoisothermal heating, which could be beneficial to pointofcare (POC) nucleic acid analysis. Similar to traditional PCR or isothermal amplification, due to a couple of issues, e.g., reagent, primer design, reactor, reaction dynamics, amplification status, temperature and heating condition, and other reasons, in some cases of CPCR tests, untypical realtime fluorescence curves with positive or negative tests will show up. Especially, when parts of the characteristics between untypical lowpositive and negative tests are mixed together, it is difficult to discriminate between them using traditional cycle threshold (Ct) value method. To handle this issue which may occur in CPCR, traditional PCR or isothermal amplification, as an example, instead of using complicated mathematical modeling and signal processing strategy, an artificial intelligence (AI) classification method with artificial neural network (ANN) modeling is developed to improve the accuracy of nucleic acid detection. It has been proven that both the detection specificity and sensitivity can be significantly improved even with a simple ANN model. It can be estimated that the developed method based on AI modeling can be adopted to solve similar problem with PCR or isothermal amplification methods.