| description abstract | Entropy loss is widely used to quantify the efficiency of components in turbomachines, and empirical relations have been developed to estimate the contribution of different mechanisms. However, further analysis is still needed to not only get a deeper insight of the physics but also to more accurately quantify the loss generation caused by different terms. In the present study, the entropy transport equations based on averaged flow quantities are first derived, and the entropy generation process is fully decomposed into several terms representing different physical mechanisms, such as mean viscous dissipation, turbulence production, mean, and turbulent heat flux, etc. This decomposition framework is then applied to high-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) results of a VKI LS-89 HPT vane, and a detailed quantification of different entropy generation terms is obtained. The results show that the entropy generation caused by mean flow features like mean viscous dissipation and mean heat flux are in close agreement between LES and RANS, indicating that RANS provides an overall good prediction for the mean flow. Furthermore, we find that turbulence production plays an important role in entropy generation as it represents the energy extracted from the mean flow to turbulent fluctuations. However, the difference between RANS and LES results for the turbulence production term is not negligible, particularly in the wake region. This implies that the failure of RANS to predict the correct total loss might be largely caused by errors in capturing the correct turbulence production in the near wake region. | |
