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    Radar-Observed Characteristics of Precipitation in the Tropical High Andes of Southern Peru and Bolivia

    Source: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology:;2018:;volume 057:;issue 007::page 1441
    Author:
    Endries, Jason L.
    ,
    Perry, L. Baker
    ,
    Yuter, Sandra E.
    ,
    Seimon, Anton
    ,
    Andrade-Flores, Marcos
    ,
    Winkelmann, Ronald
    ,
    Quispe, Nelson
    ,
    Rado, Maxwell
    ,
    Montoya, Nilton
    ,
    Velarde, Fernando
    ,
    Arias, Sandro
    DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0248.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: AbstractThis study used the first detailed radar measurements of the vertical structure of precipitation obtained in the central Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia to investigate the diurnal cycle and vertical structure of precipitation and melting-layer heights in the tropical Andes. Vertically pointing 24.1-GHz Micro Rain Radars in Cusco, Peru (3350 m MSL, August 2014?February 2015), and La Paz, Bolivia (3440 m MSL, October 2015?February 2017), provided continuous 1-min profiles of reflectivity and Doppler velocity. The time?height data enabled the determination of precipitation timing, melting-layer heights, and the identification of convective and stratiform precipitation features. Rawinsonde data, hourly observations of meteorological variables, and satellite and reanalysis data provided additional insight into the characteristics of these precipitation events. The radar data revealed a diurnal cycle with frequent precipitation and higher rain rates in the afternoon and overnight. Short periods with strong convective cells occurred in several storms. Longer-duration events with stratiform precipitation structures were more common at night than in the afternoon. Backward air trajectories confirmed previous work indicating an Amazon basin origin of storm moisture. For the entire dataset, median melting-layer heights were above the altitude of nearby glacier termini approximately 17% of the time in Cusco and 30% of the time in La Paz, indicating that some precipitation was falling as rain rather than snow on nearby glacier surfaces. During the 2015?16 El Niño, almost half of storms in La Paz had melting layers above 5000 m MSL.
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      Radar-Observed Characteristics of Precipitation in the Tropical High Andes of Southern Peru and Bolivia

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4261643
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    • Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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    contributor authorEndries, Jason L.
    contributor authorPerry, L. Baker
    contributor authorYuter, Sandra E.
    contributor authorSeimon, Anton
    contributor authorAndrade-Flores, Marcos
    contributor authorWinkelmann, Ronald
    contributor authorQuispe, Nelson
    contributor authorRado, Maxwell
    contributor authorMontoya, Nilton
    contributor authorVelarde, Fernando
    contributor authorArias, Sandro
    date accessioned2019-09-19T10:06:39Z
    date available2019-09-19T10:06:39Z
    date copyright5/18/2018 12:00:00 AM
    date issued2018
    identifier otherjamc-d-17-0248.1.pdf
    identifier urihttp://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4261643
    description abstractAbstractThis study used the first detailed radar measurements of the vertical structure of precipitation obtained in the central Andes of southern Peru and Bolivia to investigate the diurnal cycle and vertical structure of precipitation and melting-layer heights in the tropical Andes. Vertically pointing 24.1-GHz Micro Rain Radars in Cusco, Peru (3350 m MSL, August 2014?February 2015), and La Paz, Bolivia (3440 m MSL, October 2015?February 2017), provided continuous 1-min profiles of reflectivity and Doppler velocity. The time?height data enabled the determination of precipitation timing, melting-layer heights, and the identification of convective and stratiform precipitation features. Rawinsonde data, hourly observations of meteorological variables, and satellite and reanalysis data provided additional insight into the characteristics of these precipitation events. The radar data revealed a diurnal cycle with frequent precipitation and higher rain rates in the afternoon and overnight. Short periods with strong convective cells occurred in several storms. Longer-duration events with stratiform precipitation structures were more common at night than in the afternoon. Backward air trajectories confirmed previous work indicating an Amazon basin origin of storm moisture. For the entire dataset, median melting-layer heights were above the altitude of nearby glacier termini approximately 17% of the time in Cusco and 30% of the time in La Paz, indicating that some precipitation was falling as rain rather than snow on nearby glacier surfaces. During the 2015?16 El Niño, almost half of storms in La Paz had melting layers above 5000 m MSL.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleRadar-Observed Characteristics of Precipitation in the Tropical High Andes of Southern Peru and Bolivia
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume57
    journal issue7
    journal titleJournal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
    identifier doi10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0248.1
    journal fristpage1441
    journal lastpage1458
    treeJournal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology:;2018:;volume 057:;issue 007
    contenttypeFulltext
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