A Kriging Surrogate Model for Computing Gas Mixture Equations of State

Abstract

Accurate simulation of the complex flow following the detonation of an explosive material is a challenging problem. In these flows, the detonation products of the explosive must be treated as a real gas while the surrounding air is treated as an ideal gas. As the detonation process unfolds and the blast wave moves into the surrounding ambient air, the products of detonation expand outward and interact with the air creating a mixture region. In this region, both of the state equations for air and the products must be satisfied. One of the most accurate, yet computationally expensive, methods to handle this problem is an algorithm that iterates between the equations of state until both pressure and temperature reach an equilibrium inside of a computational cell. Since this mixture region moves and grows over time, this algorithm must be performed millions, or even billions, of times in a typical detonation simulation. As such, these calculations can account for a large percentage of the overall solution time. This work aims to use a kriging surrogate model to replace this process. The iterative method solves a nonlinear system of equations created from the gas mixture density, internal energy, and composition using a Broyden iterative solver to obtain an output pressure and temperature. Kriging is used to produce curve fits which interpolate selected pressures and temperatures from this solver from appropriate ranges of the mixture input quantities. Using a finite volume hydrocode, the performance of the model with respect to the iterative solver is demonstrated in the simulation of a pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) charge detonation. The model's computational speed and accuracy are quantified as a function of the choice of sampling points in order to try optimize the combination as well as to show the benefits of this novel approach.