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    Fundamental Study on Laser Interactions With Nanoparticles-Reinforced Metals—Part II: Effect of Nanoparticles on Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Laser Melting

    Source: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering:;2016:;volume( 138 ):;issue: 012::page 121002
    Author:
    Ma, Chao
    ,
    Zhao, Jingzhou
    ,
    Cao, Chezheng
    ,
    Lin, Ting-Chiang
    ,
    Li, Xiaochun
    DOI: 10.1115/1.4033446
    Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Abstract: It is of great scientific and technical interests to conduct fundamental studies on the laser interactions with nanoparticles-reinforced metals. This part of the study presents the effects of nanoparticles on surface tension and viscosity, thus the heat transfer and fluid flow, and eventually the laser melting process. In order to determine the surface tension and viscosity of nanoparticles-reinforced metals, an innovative measurement system was developed based on the characteristics of oscillating metal melt drops after laser melting. The surface tensions of Ni/Al2O3 (4.4 vol. %) and Ni/SiC (3.6 vol. %) at ∼1500 °C were 1.39 ± 0.03 N/m and 1.57 ± 0.06 N/m, respectively, slightly lower than that of pure Ni, 1.68 ± 0.04 N/m. The viscosities of these Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/SiC MMNCs at ∼1500 °C were 13.3 ± 0.8 mPa·s and 17.3 ± 3.1 mPa·s, respectively, significantly higher than that of pure Ni, 4.8 ± 0.3 mPa·s. To understand the influences of the nanoparticles-modified thermophysical properties on laser melting, an analytical model was used to theoretically predict the melt pool flows using the newly measured material properties from both Part I and Part II. The theoretical analysis indicated that the thermocapillary flows were tremendously suppressed due to the significantly increased viscosity after the addition of nanoparticles. To test the hypothesis that laser polishing could significantly benefit from this new phenomenon, systematic laser polishing experiments at various laser pulse energies were conducted on Ni/Al2O3 (4.4 vol. %) and pure Ni for comparison. The surface roughness of the Ni/Al2O3 was reduced from 323 nm to 72 nm with optimized laser polishing parameters while that of pure Ni only from 254 nm to 107 nm. The normalized surface roughness reduced by nearly a factor of two with the help of nanoparticles, validating the feasibility to tune thermophysical properties and thus control laser-processing outcomes by nanoparticles. It is expected that the nanoparticle approach can be applied to many laser manufacturing technologies to improve the process capability and broaden the application space.
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      Fundamental Study on Laser Interactions With Nanoparticles-Reinforced Metals—Part II: Effect of Nanoparticles on Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Laser Melting

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4234629
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    contributor authorMa, Chao
    contributor authorZhao, Jingzhou
    contributor authorCao, Chezheng
    contributor authorLin, Ting-Chiang
    contributor authorLi, Xiaochun
    date accessioned2017-11-25T07:17:32Z
    date available2017-11-25T07:17:32Z
    date copyright2016/24/6
    date issued2016
    identifier issn1087-1357
    identifier othermanu_138_12_121002.pdf
    identifier urihttp://138.201.223.254:8080/yetl1/handle/yetl/4234629
    description abstractIt is of great scientific and technical interests to conduct fundamental studies on the laser interactions with nanoparticles-reinforced metals. This part of the study presents the effects of nanoparticles on surface tension and viscosity, thus the heat transfer and fluid flow, and eventually the laser melting process. In order to determine the surface tension and viscosity of nanoparticles-reinforced metals, an innovative measurement system was developed based on the characteristics of oscillating metal melt drops after laser melting. The surface tensions of Ni/Al2O3 (4.4 vol. %) and Ni/SiC (3.6 vol. %) at ∼1500 °C were 1.39 ± 0.03 N/m and 1.57 ± 0.06 N/m, respectively, slightly lower than that of pure Ni, 1.68 ± 0.04 N/m. The viscosities of these Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/SiC MMNCs at ∼1500 °C were 13.3 ± 0.8 mPa·s and 17.3 ± 3.1 mPa·s, respectively, significantly higher than that of pure Ni, 4.8 ± 0.3 mPa·s. To understand the influences of the nanoparticles-modified thermophysical properties on laser melting, an analytical model was used to theoretically predict the melt pool flows using the newly measured material properties from both Part I and Part II. The theoretical analysis indicated that the thermocapillary flows were tremendously suppressed due to the significantly increased viscosity after the addition of nanoparticles. To test the hypothesis that laser polishing could significantly benefit from this new phenomenon, systematic laser polishing experiments at various laser pulse energies were conducted on Ni/Al2O3 (4.4 vol. %) and pure Ni for comparison. The surface roughness of the Ni/Al2O3 was reduced from 323 nm to 72 nm with optimized laser polishing parameters while that of pure Ni only from 254 nm to 107 nm. The normalized surface roughness reduced by nearly a factor of two with the help of nanoparticles, validating the feasibility to tune thermophysical properties and thus control laser-processing outcomes by nanoparticles. It is expected that the nanoparticle approach can be applied to many laser manufacturing technologies to improve the process capability and broaden the application space.
    publisherThe American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    titleFundamental Study on Laser Interactions With Nanoparticles-Reinforced Metals—Part II: Effect of Nanoparticles on Surface Tension, Viscosity, and Laser Melting
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume138
    journal issue12
    journal titleJournal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering
    identifier doi10.1115/1.4033446
    journal fristpage121002
    journal lastpage121002-6
    treeJournal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering:;2016:;volume( 138 ):;issue: 012
    contenttypeFulltext
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