Browsing Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology by Issue Date

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      • Realistic Uncertainties in Pressure and Temperature Calibration Reference Values 

        Pike, Julian M. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        Field instruments require calibration against standards that introduce-insignificant errors of their own in the process. This paper discusses a pressure and temperature calibration facility, analyzes the error levels ...

      • TOPS: A Free-Fall Velocity and CTD Profiler 

        Hayes, S. P.; Milburn, H. B.; Ford, E. F. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        A free-fall instrument, TOPS, measures vertical profiles of horizontal ocean velocity, conductivity and temperature. Profiling capability extends throughout the full water column (6000 db pressure limitation). Larger ...

      • A Deep-Sea Differential Pressure Gauge 

        Cox, Charles; Deaton, Thomas; Webb, Spahr (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        A pressure gauge configured to respond to the difference between the ocean pressure and the pressure within a confined volume of compressible oil is found to be especially useful for detecting pressure fluctuations in the ...

      • Center of Mass Estimation in Closed Vortices: A Verification in Principle and Practice 

        Hooker, Stanford B.; Olson, Donald B. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        The problem of tracking closed mesoscale vortices using center of mass estimation techniques is studied. Three estimators are evaluated using data from a warm core Gulf Stream ring. The comparisons show that a method based ...

      • Measurement of Individual Hydrometeor Absorption Cross Sections Utilizing Microwave Cavity Perturbation Techniques 

        Hansman, Robert John (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        A technique for measurement of individual hydrometeor absorption cross sections is presented. Cross sections are inferred by inserting the hydrometeor into a high Q resonant cavity and measuring the Q perturbation. Tests ...

      • An Automated Sequential Syringe Sampler for Atmospheric Tracer Studies 

        Krasnec, Joseph P.; Demaray, David E.; Lamb, Brian; Benner, Richard (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        The design of an improved sampler for the automatic collection of air samples during atmospheric halogenated tracer experiments is described. In this approach, each sample is collected in a small volume (20 to 150 ml) ...

      • Liquid Nitrogen-Cooled Fourier Transform Spectrometer System for Measuring Atmospheric Emission at High Altitudes 

        Murcray, Frank H.; Murcray, Frank J.; Murcray, David G.; Pritchard, James; Vanasse, George; Sakai, Hajime (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        A cryogenically cooled FTS system capable of a spectral resolution of 0.06 cm?1 is described. The entire interferometer is operated at LN2 temperature with the exception of the Ge:Cu detector, which is cooled to below 10 ...

      • Evaluation of the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe. Part I: Electronic and Optical Studies 

        Dye, James E.; Baumgardner, Darrel (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        Laboratory studies of the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP), were conducted to better understand the operation, to determine limitations and to define the measurement accuracy of the instrument for airborne cloud ...

      • A New Optical Instrument for Simultaneous Measurement of Raindrop Diameter and Fall Speed Distributions 

        Hauser, Danièle; Amayenc, Paul; Nutten, Bernard; Waldteufel, Philippe (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        This paper presents a recently developed optical spectro-pluviometer. The principle of the device is based upon the optical occultation of an infrared light beam by falling drops. This allows the retrieval of raindrop-size ...

      • On the Measurement of the Turbulence Dissipation Rate from Rising Balloons 

        Barat, J.; Cot, C.; Sidi, C. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        In this paper we analyze the feasibility of turbulence measurements below a rising balloon. From a typical case study we show the ability of the helisonde, hung below a large diameter balloon, to resolve the vertical profile ...

      • The Harp Probe: An In Situ Bragg Scattering Sensor 

        Mollo-Christensen, E.; Huang, N. E.; Bliven, L. F.; Long, S. R. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        A wave sensor, consisting of parallel, evenly spaced capacitance wires, whose output is the sum of the water surface deflections at the wires, has been built and tested in a wave tank. The probe output simulates Bragg ...

      • An Evaluation of the Accuracy of Some Radar Wind Profiling Techniques 

        Koscielny, Albert J.; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        Advances in clear air Doppler radar measurement have made practical the monitoring of radial velocities in the troposphere and lower stratosphere and even the vector wind, under some assumptions. Because the objective of ...

      • Low-Temperature Calibration of Infrared Thermometers 

        Kimball, B. A.; Mitchell, S. T. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        A method was developed for calibrating infrared thermometers to properly measure target temperatures ranging from ?70 to 0°C. Once calibrated for this range, the thermometer can then be used to measure the flux of thermal ...

      • Radiosonde Pressure Sensor Performance: Evaluation Using Tracking Radars 

        Parsons, C. L.; Norcross, G. A.; Brooks, R. L. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        The pressure sensors on balloon-borne sondes relate the sonde measurements to height above the earth's surface through the hypsometric equation. It is crucial that sondes used to explore the vertical structure of the ...

      • Air Flow and Particle Trajectories around Aircraft Fuselages. I: Theory 

        King, W. D. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        A potential-flow sink-source technique is used to model the flows around fuselage shapes. It is shown that the flow in any plane can be approximated reasonably well using an axisymmetric model of similar shape and that at ...

      • A Two-Dimensional Hydrometeor Machine Classifier Derived from Observed Data 

        Hunter, Herbert E.; Dyer, Rosemary M.; Glass, Morton (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        Classification algorithms have been developed to distinguish six categories of cloud ice particles. These algorithms have been incorporated in schema which, when applied to shadowgraph images produced by the Precision ...

      • The Effect of Line Averaging on Scalar Flux Measurements with a Sonic Anemometer near the Surface 

        Kristensen, Leif; Fitzjarrald, David R. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        We present a theoretical analysis of the effect of line averaging by a sonic anemometer on scalar fluxes and an observational study of this phenomenon in the atmospheric surface layer. The theoretical analysis rests on an ...

      • High-Altitude Balloon Test of Satellite Solar Occultation Instrument for Monitoring Stratospheric O3, H2O and HNOHNO 

        Weinreb, M. P.; Morcan, W. A.; Chang, I-Lok; Johnson, L. D.; Bridges, P. A.; Neuendorffer, A. C. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        In June 1982 a multi-detector infrared grating spectrometer was carried by a balloon to an altitude of 39 km at Palestine, Texas, where it measured intensities of solar radiation transmitted by the stratosphere before and ...

      • Air Flow and Particle Trajectories around Aircraft Fuselages. II: Measurements 

        King, W. D.; Turvey, D. E.; Williams, D.; Llewellyn, D. J. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        Measurements have been made of airflow velocities and cloud liquid water contents from selected positions around the fuselage of an F-27 aircraft. The airflow measurements away from the propeller inflow region are in ...

      • POPUP: A Prototype Bottom-Moored Long-Term Current Profiler 

        Voorhis, Arthur D.; Bradley, Albert M. (American Meteorological Society, 1984)
        A self-contained, bottom-mounted instrument for measuring high-resolution vertical profiles of horizontal current in the deep ocean over long time periods (up to a year) has been designed, constructed and successfully ...