The Whole Annulus Computations of Particulate Flow and Erosion in an Axial Fan

Abstract

Gas turbine engines operating in a hostile environment, polluted with sand or dust particles, are susceptible to erosion damage, mostly at the front axial fans and compressors. Accurately predicting the erosion pattern and rate due to sand ingestion is one of the major challenges faced by the transportation and power industries. Maintenance costs are scrutinized and intensive research efforts are currently deployed in predictive life assessment tools to minimize the overhaul down time. The conventional prediction methods were usually based on steadystate simulations of gasphase flows through a single blade passage per blade row to reduce the computational cost. However, the multistage turbomachinery flows are intrinsically subject to unsteadiness, especially due to statorrotor interactions, which may affect sand particle trajectories even if a oneway coupling method is considered. Furthermore, an unsteady statorrotor interaction requires a wholeannulus model at great computational cost to avoid simplifications of the geometries or flow physics. To study the effects of the statorrotor interaction on sand particle trajectories and erosion, an axial fan with inlet guide vanes is investigated, based on the whole annulus computations of both steady and unsteady gasphase flows, each of which is then followed by a Lagrangian particle tracking step. A numerical algorithm for tracking particles driven by the unsteady gasphase flow is presented. The comparison of the numerical predictions with the experimental data confirms the validity and necessity of the unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in providing adequate predictions of sand erosion in the axial fan.