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    Characterization of Ion Transport and Sorption in a Carbon Based Porous Electrode for Desalination Purposes

    Source: Journal of Fluids Engineering:;2013:;volume( 135 ):;issue: 004::page 41201
    Author:
    Demirer, Onur N.
    ,
    Clifton, Rebecca L.
    ,
    Perez, Carlos A. Rios
    ,
    Naylor, Rachel
    ,
    Hidrovo, Carlos
    DOI: 10.1115/1.4023294
    Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Abstract: New and more efficient water desalination technologies have been a topic of incipient research over the past few decades. Although the focus has been placed on the improvement of membranebased desalination methods such as reverse osmosis, the development of new high surface area carbonbasedelectrode materials have brought substantial interest towards capacitive deionization (CDI), a novel technique that uses an electric field to separate the ionic species from the water. Part of the new interest on CDI is its ability to store and return a fraction of the energy used in the desalination process. This characteristic is not common to other electricfieldbased desalination methods such as electrodeionization and electrodialysis reversal where none of the input energy is recoverable. This paper presents work conducted to analyze the energy recovery, thermodynamic efficiency, and ionic adsorption/desorption rates in a CDI cell using different salt concentration solutions and various flow rates. Voltage and electrical current measurements are conducted during the desalination and electrode regeneration processes and used to evaluate the energy recovery ratio. Salinity measurements of the inflow and outflow stream concentrations using conductivity probes, alongside the current measurements, are used to calculate ion adsorption efficiency. Two analytical species transport models are developed to estimate the net ionic adsorption rates in a steadystate and nonsaturated porous electrode scenario. Finally, the convective and electrokinetic transport times are compared and their effect on desalination performance is presented. Steady test results for outlet to inlet concentration ratio show a strong dependence on flow rate and concentration independence for dilute solutions. In addition, transient test results indicate that the net electrical energy requirement is dependent on the number of carbon electrode regeneration cycles, which is thought to be due to imperfect regeneration. The energy requirements and adsorption/desorption rate analyses conducted for this waterdesalination process could be extended to other ionadsorption applications such as the reprocessing of lubricants or spent nuclear fuels in a near future.
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      Characterization of Ion Transport and Sorption in a Carbon Based Porous Electrode for Desalination Purposes

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    contributor authorDemirer, Onur N.
    contributor authorClifton, Rebecca L.
    contributor authorPerez, Carlos A. Rios
    contributor authorNaylor, Rachel
    contributor authorHidrovo, Carlos
    date accessioned2017-05-09T00:58:56Z
    date available2017-05-09T00:58:56Z
    date issued2013
    identifier issn0098-2202
    identifier otherfe_135_4_041201.pdf
    identifier urihttp://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl/handle/yetl/151838
    description abstractNew and more efficient water desalination technologies have been a topic of incipient research over the past few decades. Although the focus has been placed on the improvement of membranebased desalination methods such as reverse osmosis, the development of new high surface area carbonbasedelectrode materials have brought substantial interest towards capacitive deionization (CDI), a novel technique that uses an electric field to separate the ionic species from the water. Part of the new interest on CDI is its ability to store and return a fraction of the energy used in the desalination process. This characteristic is not common to other electricfieldbased desalination methods such as electrodeionization and electrodialysis reversal where none of the input energy is recoverable. This paper presents work conducted to analyze the energy recovery, thermodynamic efficiency, and ionic adsorption/desorption rates in a CDI cell using different salt concentration solutions and various flow rates. Voltage and electrical current measurements are conducted during the desalination and electrode regeneration processes and used to evaluate the energy recovery ratio. Salinity measurements of the inflow and outflow stream concentrations using conductivity probes, alongside the current measurements, are used to calculate ion adsorption efficiency. Two analytical species transport models are developed to estimate the net ionic adsorption rates in a steadystate and nonsaturated porous electrode scenario. Finally, the convective and electrokinetic transport times are compared and their effect on desalination performance is presented. Steady test results for outlet to inlet concentration ratio show a strong dependence on flow rate and concentration independence for dilute solutions. In addition, transient test results indicate that the net electrical energy requirement is dependent on the number of carbon electrode regeneration cycles, which is thought to be due to imperfect regeneration. The energy requirements and adsorption/desorption rate analyses conducted for this waterdesalination process could be extended to other ionadsorption applications such as the reprocessing of lubricants or spent nuclear fuels in a near future.
    publisherThe American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    titleCharacterization of Ion Transport and Sorption in a Carbon Based Porous Electrode for Desalination Purposes
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume135
    journal issue4
    journal titleJournal of Fluids Engineering
    identifier doi10.1115/1.4023294
    journal fristpage41201
    journal lastpage41201
    identifier eissn1528-901X
    treeJournal of Fluids Engineering:;2013:;volume( 135 ):;issue: 004
    contenttypeFulltext
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