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    Nonlinear Behavior of Trabecular Bone at Small Strains

    Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering:;2001:;volume( 123 ):;issue: 001::page 1
    Author:
    Elise F. Morgan
    ,
    Tony M. Keaveny
    ,
    Oscar C. Yeh
    ,
    Wesley C. Chang
    DOI: 10.1115/1.1338122
    Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    Abstract: Study of the behavior of trabecular bone at strains below 0.40 percent is of clinical and biomechanical importance. The goal of this work was to characterize, with respect to anatomic site, loading mode, and apparent density, the subtle concave downward stress–strain nonlinearity that has been observed recently for trabecular bone at these strains. Using protocols designed to minimize end-artifacts, 155 cylindrical cores from human vertebrae, proximal tibiae, proximal femora, and bovine proximal tibiae were mechanically tested to yield at 0.50 percent strain per second in tension or compression. The nonlinearity was quantified by the reduction in tangent modulus at 0.20 percent and 0.40 percent strain as compared to the initial modulus. For the pooled data, the mean±SD percentage reduction in tangent modulus at 0.20 percent strain was 9.07±3.24 percent in compression and 13.8±4.79 percent in tension. At 0.40 percent strain, these values were 23.5±5.71 and 35.7±7.10 percent, respectively. The magnitude of the nonlinearity depended on both anatomic site (p<0.001) and loading mode (p<0.001), and in tension was positively correlated with density. Calculated values of elastic modulus and yield properties depended on the strain range chosen to define modulus via a linear curve fit (p<0.005). Mean percent differences in 0.20 percent offset yield strains were as large as 10.65 percent for some human sites. These results establish that trabecular bone exhibits nonlinearity at low strains, and that this behavior can confound intersite comparisons of mechanical properties. A nonlinear characterization of the small strain behavior of trabecular bone was introduced to characterize the initial stress–strain behavior more thoroughly.
    keyword(s): Density , Stress , Bone , Stress-strain curves , Tension , Compression , Elastic moduli AND Mechanical properties ,
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      Nonlinear Behavior of Trabecular Bone at Small Strains

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    http://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/124840
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    contributor authorElise F. Morgan
    contributor authorTony M. Keaveny
    contributor authorOscar C. Yeh
    contributor authorWesley C. Chang
    date accessioned2017-05-09T00:04:16Z
    date available2017-05-09T00:04:16Z
    date copyrightFebruary, 2001
    date issued2001
    identifier issn0148-0731
    identifier otherJBENDY-26126#1_1.pdf
    identifier urihttp://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl/handle/yetl/124840
    description abstractStudy of the behavior of trabecular bone at strains below 0.40 percent is of clinical and biomechanical importance. The goal of this work was to characterize, with respect to anatomic site, loading mode, and apparent density, the subtle concave downward stress–strain nonlinearity that has been observed recently for trabecular bone at these strains. Using protocols designed to minimize end-artifacts, 155 cylindrical cores from human vertebrae, proximal tibiae, proximal femora, and bovine proximal tibiae were mechanically tested to yield at 0.50 percent strain per second in tension or compression. The nonlinearity was quantified by the reduction in tangent modulus at 0.20 percent and 0.40 percent strain as compared to the initial modulus. For the pooled data, the mean±SD percentage reduction in tangent modulus at 0.20 percent strain was 9.07±3.24 percent in compression and 13.8±4.79 percent in tension. At 0.40 percent strain, these values were 23.5±5.71 and 35.7±7.10 percent, respectively. The magnitude of the nonlinearity depended on both anatomic site (p<0.001) and loading mode (p<0.001), and in tension was positively correlated with density. Calculated values of elastic modulus and yield properties depended on the strain range chosen to define modulus via a linear curve fit (p<0.005). Mean percent differences in 0.20 percent offset yield strains were as large as 10.65 percent for some human sites. These results establish that trabecular bone exhibits nonlinearity at low strains, and that this behavior can confound intersite comparisons of mechanical properties. A nonlinear characterization of the small strain behavior of trabecular bone was introduced to characterize the initial stress–strain behavior more thoroughly.
    publisherThe American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
    titleNonlinear Behavior of Trabecular Bone at Small Strains
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume123
    journal issue1
    journal titleJournal of Biomechanical Engineering
    identifier doi10.1115/1.1338122
    journal fristpage1
    journal lastpage9
    identifier eissn1528-8951
    keywordsDensity
    keywordsStress
    keywordsBone
    keywordsStress-strain curves
    keywordsTension
    keywordsCompression
    keywordsElastic moduli AND Mechanical properties
    treeJournal of Biomechanical Engineering:;2001:;volume( 123 ):;issue: 001
    contenttypeFulltext
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