Postsurgical Changes of the Opening Angle of Canine Autogenous Vein Graft

Abstract

The opening angles of 30 canine autogenous vein grafts were measured to determine the postsurgical change of residual strain in the vein graft. Canine femoral veins were grafted to femoral arteries in the end-to-end anastomosis fashion. When harvested, the vein grafts were cut into short segments and the segments were cut open radially. The opened-up configurations were taken as the zero-stress states of the vessels. Opening angle, defined as the angle between the two lines from the middle point to the tips of the inner wall, was used to describe the zero-stress states. Results show that the opening angles (mean ± SD] are 63.0 ± 30.6 deg for normal femoral veins, and −0.4 ± 4.6, 6.1 ± 19.4, 25.4 ± 20.1, and 47.8 ± 11.4 deg for vein grafts at 1 day, 1 week, 4 and 12 weeks postsurgery, respectively. The postsurgical changes in opening angle reveal nonuniform transmural tissue remodeling in the vascular wall. The relations between the changes in opening angle and the changes in the morphology of the vein grafts are discussed. Intimal hyperplasia is correlated to the opening angle and is suggested to be the main factor for the postsurgical increase in opening angle. The longitudinal strain in the vein graft is found to decrease postsurgically.