Abstract: Two simple kinematical models are used to describe the asymmetry in bottom-up and top-down diffusion in the convective boundary layer. Both models resolve the mean circulation with narrow updrafts and wider downdrafts but ...

Abstract: No abstract available

Abstract: From results Of large-eddy simulations of the clear convective boundary layer and of a stratus-topped boundary layer, mean properties of ?plumes? that consist of ?updrafts? and ?downdrafts? are determined. The plumes are ...

Abstract: From results of large-eddy simulations of the clear convective boundary layer and of a stratus-topped boundary layer, we evaluate the budgets of mass, momentum, heat, moisture, and turbulent kinetic energy within ?plumes? ...

Abstract: Knowledge of convective plumes within the clear convective boundary layer (CBL) is quite advanced owing to direct measurements, tank experiments, and large-eddy simulation studies. As a result, modeling of the CBL is ...

Abstract: he life cycle of individual (initially line shaped) contrails behind aircraft and of contrail cirrus (aged contrails mixed with other ice clouds) is described. The full contrail life cycle is covered, from ice formation ...

Abstract: Despite considerable technological advances, aviation impacts on global climate are significant and may constitute a future constraint on the continued growth of air travel. The most important but least understood component ...

Abstract: Large-eddy simulation is used to simulate quasi-steady state convection in a windless mixed layer over a uniform surface with constant heat flux. Different tracers are injected at each discrete height in the model to track ...

Abstract: n this study a straightforward theoretical approach to determining the flash rate in thunderstorms is presented. A two-plate capacitor represents the basic dipole charge structure of a thunderstorm, which is charged by the ...

Abstract: n Part I of this two-part paper a new method of predicting the total lightning flash rate in thunderstorms was introduced. In this paper, the implementation of this method into the convection-permitting Consortium for Small ...