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Measuring Higher-Order Moments with a Cup Anemometer
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Modern, fast cup anemometers are very useful for measuring the mean-wind speed. The calibration is linear and its operation is well described as a linear, first-order filter. Discussion in the literature about the importance ...
Digitization Noise in Power Spectral Analysis
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: It is well-known that the digitization noise variance is ?2/12 for a continuous time series sampled with the signal resolution ?. It is also generally accepted that this variance often has a white-power spectral density. ...
Errors in Second Moments Estimated from Monostatic Doppler Sodar Winds. Part I: Theoretical Description
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: We present a theoretical derivation for errors in calculated second moments arising from the temporal and spatial separation between individual wind measurements obtained from three-axis colocated monostatic Doppler sodar ...
Errors in Second Moments Estimated from Monostatic Doppler Sodar Winds. Part II: Application to Field Measurements
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: In this paper we use the theoretical results presented in Part I of this paper to correct turbulence parameters derived from monostatic sodar wind measurements in an attempt to improve the statistical comparisons made with ...
Cup Anemometer Overspeeding
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Statistical considerations are applied to a general equation of motion for cup anemometers in a turbulent wind. It is shown that the relative overspeeding ?S/S can be expressed as ?S/S = Ih2 · Js(l0/?s) + cIw2, where Is ...
Climatology of Wind Direction Fluctuations at Risø
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Standard deviations of wind direction fluctuations at 76 m at Ris? for the first half year of 1975 have been analyzed as functions of wind speed and temperature lapse rate, either measured near the surface or near the level ...
How Long Is Long Enough When Measuring Fluxes and Other Turbulence Statistics?
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: It is determined how long a time series must be to estimate covariances and moments up to fourth order with a specified statistical significance. For a given averaging time T there is a systematic difference between the ...
How Close is Close Enough When Measuring Scalar Fluxes with Displaced Sensors?
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: To improve the quality of scalar-flux measurements, the two-point covariance between the vertical velocity w? and a scalar s?, separated in space both horizontally and vertically, is studied. The measurements of such ...