Abstract: Granulated slag from metal industries and fly ash from the combustion of coal are industrial by-products that have been used widely as mineral admixtures in normal and high-strength concrete. Because of the reaction between ...

Abstract: Motheye antireflective coatings (ARCs) are based on periodic or stochastic features with dimensions below the wavelength of visible light which can be used to produce a gradient index of refraction between air and the ...

Abstract: Concrete structures are economical and typically durable when exposed to a variety of environmental conditions. However, carbonation results in a reduction of the durability of reinforced concrete members because it damages ...

Abstract: This study proposes a conflict analysis framework to investigate how conflict occurs and what causes conflict by considering the characteristics of public infrastructure projects. The conflict occurrence process over ...

Abstract: Project-based organizations are a unique organizational form where business activities are implemented and managed around temporary projects. The aim of this research was to better understand how project-based organizations ...

Abstract: Many countries use financial aids to expedite public-private partnership (PPP) projects, depending on their financial status and/or demand for additional infrastructure. Minimum revenue guarantees (MRGs) are one financial ...