Abstract: Civil engineers need to consider the part they play in society. We are the planners, designers, and builders of our nation's structures and infrastructures. However, many projects that we promoted were financed by loans ...

Abstract: How policy bodies structure an organization is often a case of personal preference, or historic adaptation. While this way of developing an organization may work while that policy body is present, once that policy body ...

Abstract: Due to the intrinsic characteristics of the profession and the diverse nature of the position, engineers employed by small rural municipalities may require talents different from those required of engineers employed by ...

Abstract: A frequent topic of discussion among publicly employed engineers is the appropriateness of nonengineers managing local‐government public‐works organizations. The retirement of many engineers in coming years will make this ...

Abstract: A method for evaluating the risk associated with a construction contract has been developed and applied to municipal contracts in Lansing, Michigan. Data on contract costs, change orders, and complexity were collected ...

Abstract: Computers have been a useful engineering tool for several years. As computers have become more inexpensive and easier to use, engineers have increased their use of them. Associated with increased use of computers are a ...

Abstract: Engineers today generally utilize Portland cement concrete and bituminous concrete to construct streets. However, an aesthetically pleasing alternative, brick pavers, does exist. Michigan Avenue in Lansing, Michigan, was ...