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RISOn the Energy Exchange between Tropical Ocean Basins Related to ENSO
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: ast amounts of energy are exchanged between the ocean, atmosphere, and space in association with El Niño?Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study examines energy budgets of all tropical (30°S?30°N) ocean basins and the ...
Earth’s Energy Imbalance
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: limate change from increased greenhouse gases arises from a global energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). TOA measurements of radiation from space can track changes over time but lack absolute accuracy. An ...
The ECMWF Ocean Analysis System: ORA-S3
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: A new operational ocean analysis/reanalysis system (ORA-S3) has been implemented at ECMWF. The reanalysis, started from 1 January 1959, is continuously maintained up to 11 days behind real time and is used to initialize ...
Tropical Atlantic SST Prediction with Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere GCMs
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Variations in tropical Atlantic SST are an important factor in seasonal forecasts in the region and beyond. An analysis is given of the capabilities of the latest generation of coupled GCM seasonal forecast systems to ...
Decadal and Seasonal Dependence of ENSO Prediction Skill
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: When forecasting sea surface temperature (SST) in the Equatorial Pacific on a timescale of several seasons, most prediction schemes have a spring barrier; that is, they have skill scores that are substantially lower when ...
Euro-Atlantic Weather Regimes and Their Modulation by Tropospheric and Stratospheric Teleconnection Pathways in ECMWF Reforecasts
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
The Curious Case of the EL Niño That Never Happened: A Perspective from 40 Years of Progress in Climate Research and Forecasting
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: orty years ago, Klaus Wyrtki of the University of Hawaii launched an ?El Niño Watch? expedition to the eastern equatorial Pacific to document oceanographic changes that were expected to develop during the onset of an El ...
An Ensemble Generation Method for Seasonal Forecasting with an Ocean–Atmosphere Coupled Model
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: Seasonal forecasts are subject to various types of errors: amplification of errors in oceanic initial conditions, errors due to the unpredictable nature of the synoptic atmospheric variability, and coupled model error. ...
Balanced Ocean-Data Assimilation near the Equator
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The question is addressed whether using unbalanced updates in ocean-data assimilation schemes for seasonal forecasting systems can result in a relatively poor simulation of zonal currents. An assimilation scheme, where ...
Balanced Ocean-Data Assimilation near the Equator
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Abstract: The question is addressed whether using unbalanced updates in ocean-data assimilation schemes for seasonal forecasting systems can result in a relatively poor simulation of zonal currents. An assimilation scheme, where ...