Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions

Now showing items 741-760 of 6019

    • A Field Experiment on the Calibration of Radars with Raindrop Disdrometers 

      Martner, Brooks E. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Radar reflectivity factors determined from disdrometer measurements of drop spectra are compared with simultaneous WSR-57 radar measurements in two Oklahoma thunderstorms. The possibility of using a disdrometer for an ...

    • The Wind Boxplot: An Improved Wind Rose 

      Graedel, T. E. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      The wind boxplot, a graphic display of distributions of wind speed and directional data, is defined and presented in several alternate forms. The wind boxplot displays the characteristics of the data distributions more ...

    • Another Look at the Upper Winds of the Tropics 

      Crutcher, Harold L.; Joiner, Raymond L. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      In any study, the collection, processing and storage of data are important. Whether the data are clean, biased or contaminated is also important. Pollution or adulteration of data confuse the investigator. Data do not ...

    • Statistical Hypothesis Tests of Some Micrometeorological Observations 

      SethuRaman, S.; Tichler, Joyce (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Chi-square goodness-of-fit is used to test the hypothesis that the medium scale of turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer is normally distributed. Coefficients of skewness and excess are computed from the data. If the ...

    • The Effects of Carbon Black Dust on Cumulus-Scale Convection 

      Chen, Ching-Sen; Orville, Harold D. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      The effect of seeding with carbon black dust in the tropical atmosphere is simulated in a two-dimensional time-dependent cloud model which covers a region 6.4 km ? 3.2 km in the x and z directions with 200 m grid intervals. ...

    • An Automatic Light Scattering CCN Counter 

      Lala, G. G.; Jiusto, J. E. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      An automatic instrument for the measurement of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentrations utilizing a thermal gradient diffusion chamber and light scattering has been developed. The concentration of droplets (activated ...

    • Factors Affecting Ice Nucleus Concentration Measurements with a Static Vapor-Diffusion Chamber 

      Zamurs, J.; Lala, G.; Jiusto, J. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      This paper presents some findings and recommendations for obtaining more reliable information from ice nucleus concentration measurements with the membrane filter technique commonly in use. Variables related to chamber ...

    • A Redetermination of the Rayleigh Optical Depth and its Application to Selected Solar Radiation Problems 

      Hoyt, Douglas V. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Rayleigh optical depths are calculated for six standard atmospheres using the latest value of the depolarization factor (?n = 0.0139). Present uncertainties in the Rayleigh optical depth of ±0.16% exist for the values ...

    • Ice Crystal Habit Discrimination with the Optical Backscatter Depolarization Technique 

      Sassen, Kenneth (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Ice crystal habit identification is shown to be accomplished through an analysis of the backscattered signals from single ice crystals (sampled in a small cloud volume) which relates the relative signal strengths of specular ...

    • Parameterization of Surface Evaporation Rate for Use in Numerical Modeling 

      Yu, Tsann-Wang (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Numerical models require parameterization of surface evaporation rates when a surface energy budget equation is included in the calculation of the surface temperature. Techniques for parameterizing surface moisture and ...

    • A Radiative Heating Model Derived from the GATE MSR Experiment 

      Smith, W. L.; Shen, W. C.; Howell, H. B. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A seven-channel Multi-spectral Scanning Radiometer (MSR) was flown aboard the NASA Convair-990 aircraft during the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) from June?September, 1974. The radiometer measures the total ...

    • Lidar Observation of a Mixed-Phase Altostratus Cloud 

      Platt, C. M. R. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Measurements by monostatic lidar of linear depolarization ratios and backscatter coefficients in an altostratus cloud revealed a horizontally layered structure. Three different types of layers were observed. The bottom and ...

    • Persistence, Runs and Recurrence of Precipitation 

      Lund, Iver A.; Grantham, Donald D. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A total of 511 056 hourly observations of precipitation, taken over a 13-year period at nine stations, were studied to obtain a better understanding of the characteristics of persistence, runs and recurrence. Each hourly ...

    • On the Coherence between Progressive and Retrogressive Waves and a Partition of Space-Time Power Spectra into Standing and Traveling Parts 

      Hayashi, Yoshikazu (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A formula is derived to express the PR coherence between the progressive and retrogressive components in terms of the CS coherence between the cosine and sine space-Fourier coefficients. By the use of the PR coherence the ...

    • Accuracy of Various Techniques for Estimating Boundary-Layer Trajectories 

      Hoecker, Walter H. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Fifty-five constant volume balloons (tetroons) were released in the fall of 1971 at Oklahoma City, Okla., and were ballasted to float at about 300 m over the city (elevation 400 m MSL) to trace local air currents. Twenty ...

    • Tropospheric Relative Diffusion Observations 

      Gifford, F. A. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Data on relative on relative atmospheric diffusion, that is, the spreading by diffusion of puffs or particle pairs (e.g., of balloons) relative to their mutual center of mass, are reexamined. Richardson (1926) proposed his ...

    • Acceleration to Terminal Velocity of Cloud and Raindrops 

      Wang, P. K.; Pruppacher, H. R. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A theoretical method is given which allows computing the acceleration to terminal velocity of cloud and raindrops at various levels in the atmosphere. For drops of equivalent radius 800 ?m ≤ a0 ≤ 3500 ?m our theoretical ...

    • The Computation of Climatological Power Spectra 

      Schickedanz, Paul T.; Bowen, E. G. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A technique for computing climatological power spectra based on the concept of utilizing non-integer values in the sine and cosine waveforms (NI technique) is developed and applied to climatological rainfall data. This ...

    • Gust Front Evolution and Tornado Genesis as Viewed by Doppler Radar 

      Brandes, Edward A. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Doppler radar observations are utilized to describe the evolution of the severe thunderstorm updraft mesocyclone and its associated gust front. Tornadoes form within the elliptical mesocyclonic circulation, apparently along ...

    • Some New Approaches in Hail Suppression Experiments 

      Browning, K. A.; Atlas, D. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      It is suggested that progress in hail suppression research requires simultaneous improvements in methods of evaluating seeding effects and in monitoring the physical structure of the hailstorm and the hail growth processes. ...