Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions

Now showing items 721-740 of 6019

    • A Procedure for the Correction of Biases in Winds Measured from Aircraft 

      Grossman, R. L. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A method for determining bias errors in winds derived from airborne Doppler radar and inertial navigation wind-finding systems is presented and tested on samples of field quality data from the GARP Atlantic Tropical ...

    • Substantiation of the Priestley and Taylor Parameter α = 1.26 for Potential Evaporation in High Latitudes 

      Stewart, Robert B.; Rouse, Wayne R. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Summertime latent heat flux values determined by the energy budget approach are compared to equilibrium model estimates for two shallow lakes and two sedge meadow surfaces in northern Canada. Comparison of energy budget ...

    • De-Aliasing First-Moment Doppler Estimates 

      Ray, Peter S.; Ziegler, Conrad (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A technique to remove the ambiguity in Doppler mean velocity estimates is described. The technique assumes that along a radial, or portion of a radial, the velocity estimates are quasi-uniformly distributed about the mean. ...

    • A Satellite Technique for Quantitatively Mapping Rainfall Rates over the Oceans 

      Wilheit, T. T.; Chang, A. T. C.; V. Rao, M. S.; Rodgers, E. B.; Theon, J. S. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A theoretical model for calculating microwave radiative transfer in raining atmospheres is developed. These calculations are compared with microwave brightness temperatures at a wavelength of 1.55 cm measured by the ...

    • Recirculating Purging System for Hemispherical Net Radiometers 

      Stevens, J. L.; Wright, J. L. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A recirculating purging system for soft dome net radiometers was developed to prevent internal fogging and reduce maintenance during cool and wet weather. An airflow of 3?5 mm3 s?1 was sufficient to keep the domes inflated ...

    • Rain Resulting from Melting Ice Particles 

      Battan, Louis J. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      By means of a zenith-pointing radar, observations were made of the reflectivities and Doppler spectra in orthogonal planes as a dissipating shower exhibiting a bright band passed overhead. The observations have been used ...

    • The Ratio of Cloud to Cloud-Ground Lightning Flashes in Thunderstorms 

      Prentice, S. A.; Mackerras, D. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Observations of the ratio of cloud to cloud-ground lightning flashes in thunderstorms have been reviewed, and used to obtain empirical relationships between this ratio (z), latitude (?) and annual thunder-days (T). The 29 ...

    • Empirical Predictors for Natural and Seeded Rainfall in the Florida Area Cumulus Experiment (FACE), 1970–1975 

      Biondini, Ronald; Simpson, Joanne; Woodley, William (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      The data obtained from the Florida Area Cumulus Experiment in the years 1970?75 are analyzed statistically. Specifically a set of empirically derived predictors for both seeded and unseeded rainfall is identified. First ...

    • Airborne Measurements of Pollutants over Urban and Rural Sites 

      Alkezweeny, A. J.; Drewes, D. R. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Results of urban pollutant measurements made during an aircraft flight downwind of St. Louis are presented. Decreases in the levels of SO2, NOx, and aerosol are noted, while O3 is observed to increase to more than 200 ppb ...

    • A Mathematical Model for Diagnosis and Prediction of Surface Winds in Mountainous Terrain 

      Ryan, Bill C. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Many mechanisms and factors are responsible for winds in mountainous areas. A mathematical model was developed on the premise that mountain winds are the result of vector addition of wind components generated and modified ...

    • Radon Daughter's Radioactivity Levels over the Arabian Sea as Indicators of Air Mass Mixing 

      Subramanian, S. K.; Rangarajan, C.; Gopalakrishnan, Smt S.; Eapen, C. D. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Measurements on radon daughter's activities over the Arabian Sea were carried out during the period 19 May to 9 July, 1973, under the joint Indo-USSR MONEX-73 project. The data were collected on board the ships of the ...

    • Tropical Storm Frequencies Related to Sea Surface Temperatures 

      Wendland, Wayne M. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A relationship is identified between the area of the North Atlantic with surface temperatures greater than 26.8°C and the frequency of tropical storms and hurricanes. The relationship is direct and near-exponential. When ...

    • Wind Fabric Diagrams and Their Application to Wind Energy Analysis 

      Davis, Briant L.; Ekern, Michael W. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      By means of the Lambert projection, wind vector data may be plotted onto a frequency map. The resulting diagram portrays the ?wind fabric? for the data sample of a single station or for groups of stations. The area-true ...

    • Statistics of High Radar Reflectivity Gradients 

      Mueller, E. A. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      An analysis to determine the frequency of occurrence of gradients in reflectivity has been performed. Gradients as large as 50 dB km?1 occur with a frequency of over 1% of the pairs of adjacent nonzero reflectivities at ...

    • Secondary Wind Speed Maxima Inside Plant Canopies 

      Shaw, Roger H. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      It is noted that wind profiles measured in forest and crop canopies normally contain a secondary maximum or a region of very small shear beneath the level of greatest foliage density. One-dimensional models utilizing a ...

    • The Relation of Monthly Sunshine Percentage to the 700 mb Height Field 

      Dickson, Robert R. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Monthly values of the anomaly of percent possible sunshine at 21 locations in the United States were related to the field of monthly mean 700 mb height anomaly by correlation and regression analysis. Data were generally ...

    • A Radar Study of Turbulent Diffusion in the Lower Atmosphere 

      Hildebrand, Peter H. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A new technique for the experimental study of atmospheric turbulent diffusion is presented and applied to the study of diffusion in the lower 3 km of a cloudless summer atmosphere. This new technique makes use of Doppler ...

    • Parameterization of Cloud Droplet Growth by Condensation 

      Rao, S. Trivikrama; Feng, Zon-Hwa (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      A parameterization scheme is developed to predict the supersaturation and the first two moments of predominantly maritime nuclei distributions during the condensation phase. The supersaturation and mean droplet growth ...

    • Determination of Rainfall Distributions from Microwave Radiation Measured by the Nimbus 6 ESMR 

      Weinman, J. A.; Guetter, P. J. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      The polarization of 37 GHz microwave radiances emerging from rain clouds above land, rough and calm water surfaces was computed from the equation of radiative transfer. Scattering was assumed to be characterized by a ...

    • Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Calculations at the Air-Sea Interface During AMTEX 74 

      Agee, E. M.; Howley, R. P. (American Meteorological Society, 1977)
      Computations of latent and sensible heat flux at the air-sea interface using the bulk-aerodynamic method are presented for the period of the 1974 Air Mass Transformation Experiment (AMTEX) conducted over the East China ...