Journal of Applied Meteorology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 701-720 of 6019
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Smoothing Improvement Factor in Omega Wind Errors
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)The Omega navigation system will be used during FGGE to derive vertical profiles of horizontal wind field. The aircraft dropsonde system and the shipboard Omega system will be used for the purpose. Since considerable effort ... -
Cloud Condensation Nuclei from a Paper Mill. Part I: Measured Effects on Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)The effluents from a large Kraft-process paper mill were found to increase the concentration of large (0.2?2 ?m diameter) and giant (>2 ?m diameter) cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) above background concentrations; the ... -
The Observed and Computed Microstructure of Hail-Producing Clouds in Northeastern Colorado
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)The modification of thunderstorms to suppress hail requires a knowledge of where, when and how much to seed. We show that growth by accretion by precipitating particles (hail, rain and graupel) in a summer convective storm ... -
Deriving Mesoscale Temperature and Moisture Fields from Satellite Radiance Measurements over the United States
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)The ability to provide mesoscale temperature and moisture fields from operational satellite infrared sounding radiances over the United States is explored. High-resolution sounding information for mesoscale analysis and ... -
Cloud Condensation Nuclei from a Paper Mill. Part II: Calculated Effects on Rainfall
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)The paper mill at Port Townsend, Wash., is a source of large and giant condensation nuclei (CCN). These CCN cause the concentrations of droplets ≥30 ?m in diameter to be higher in small, nonraining warm clouds located in ... -
A New Criterion for Locating the Subtropical High in West Africa
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)After reanalyzing the potential temperature data of Peixoto (1958, 1960), a criterion is derived for locating the mean latitude of the subtropical high over West Africa. Using this criterion, it is found that the subtropical ... -
Vertical and Horizontal Fluxes of Ozone at the Tropopause from the First Year of GASP Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Ozone measurements taken from commercial airliners (GASP data) are used to estimate the vertical and horizontal fluxes of ozone near the tropopause. The annual average flux of O3 into the troposphere at 30?50°N is 7.8 ? ... -
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A Numerical Simulation of Warm Fog Dissipation by Electrically Enhanced Coalescence: Part II. Charged Drop Seeding
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A numerical study of the use of highly charged water drops to clear warm fog has been conducted. The mechanism studied is the polarization of neutral fog droplets and their capture by the charged drops. A multi-level ... -
Comments on “The Hailpad Calibration for Italian Hail Damage Documentation”
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)tract -
A Methodology to Estimate the Value of Weather Modification Projects: An Illustration for Hail Suppression
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A methodology to estimate the potential value of proposed weather modification projects is described. An illustration of the technique is given to evaluate a hypothetical hail suppression project. This methodology requires ... -
Precipitation as a Chain-Dependent Process
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A probabilistic model for the sequence of daily amounts of precipitation is proposed. This model is a generalization of the commonly used Markov chain model for the occurrence of precipitation. Methods are given for computing ... -
Collating Airborne and Surface Observations of the Microstructure of Precipitating Continental Convective Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)The observational results from sailplane flights into the updrafts of developing cumulus clouds in north-eastern Colorado show some important variations in the microstructure of the cloud droplet and ice particle distributions. ... -
A Two-Dimensional Sounding Technique from a Balloon: Application to the Study of a Stratospheric Shallow Layer
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A new kind of sounding from a free-floating balloon has been designed to study the two-dimensional structure of a shallow layer in the atmosphere. This type of sounding adds another dimension to the horizontal quasi-Lagrangian ... -
Sensitivity of the Diurnal Surface Temperature Range to Changes in Physical Parameters
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)An analysis is made to determine the sensitivity of theoretical deductions of the diurnal temperature range to changes in 1) parameterization constants, 2) atmospheric variables, and 3) surface-state variables. It is found, ... -
The Scales of Hail
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)The first climatic investigations of hail in North America were by Lemons and Flora during the 1940's. These were followed by more intensive, state-scale climatic investigations in the 1960's to meet insurance concerns. ... -
Measurements of Downward Scattered Solar Radiation from Isolated Cumulus Clouds
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Ground-based measurements of global and direct solar radiation were obtained in conditions when only isolated, approximately cubic cumulus clouds were present. The angular distribution of downward scattered radiation was ... -
A Hypothetical Cloud-Seeding Method for Facilitating the Occurrence of Lightning
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Drawing on available literature, arguments are presented to support the thesis that lightning initiation requires that positive corona streamers be produced in a region where the electric field E exceeds a certain critical ... -
Description of the Unusual Behavior of a Prefrontal Squall Line in South Africa
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)Unusual features of a prefrontal squall line on 14 November 1975 observed by radar on the South African plateau are described. Some cells moved almost along the line at speeds of up to 65 km h?1. -
Sensitivity of Satellite Retrievals of Temperature to Errors in Estimates of Tropospheric Water Vapor
(American Meteorological Society, 1977)A priori estimates of the vertical distribution of tropospheric water vapor are needed to solve the radiative transfer equation in the 15 ?m CO2 band to derive tropospheric temperatures from radiances measured at orbiting ...