Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology: Recent submissions
Now showing items 841-860 of 5084
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Signal Amplitude Uncertainty of a Digiquartz Pressure Transducer Due to Static Calibration Error
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Standard calibrations of Digiquartz pressure transducers are performed over a very wide range of pressure and temperature, typically 14?10 000 psia and 1°?125°C. Compared to this large calibration domain, deep ocean bottom ... -
Preliminary Assessment and Use of ERS-1 Altimeter Wave Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)The satellite ERS-1, launched in July 1991, carries a radar altimeter that provides collocated measurements of significant wave height and wind speed over the oceans. During the calibration period, significant wave height ... -
Variational Wave Data Assimilation in a Third-Generation Wave Model
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)The adjoint of the wave model WAM, which runs operationally performing global wave forecast at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, has been constructed. In this model, the nonlinear interactions are ... -
Intercomparison of ADCP Measurements at 0°, 140°W
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Three sets of horizontal velocity measurements obtained within 3 miles of each other at 0°, 140°W are compared. Measurements were taken by acoustic Doppler current Profilers (ADCPs) on different platforms, with different ... -
Comparison of Buoy-Mounted 75-kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers with Vector-Measuring Current Meters
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Long time series of atmospheric parameters and limited oceanographic parameters such as near-surface temperature and wave statistics have been available for some time. There is, however, a need for similar observations of ... -
Using Acoustic Travel Time to Determine Dynamic Height Variations in the North Atlantic Ocean
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)There is often an approximately linear relationship between various water-column integrals, in particular between surface dynamic height anomaly ?D and acoustic round-trip travel time τ. Consequently, the record from an ... -
Open-Channel Flow and Turbulence Measurement by High-Resolution Doppler Sonar
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Measurements of water velocity and turbulence in a water flume using a Doppler sonar operating at 1 MHz are presented. Analysis of the results shows that the instrument qualifies as a very useful tool for nonintrusive and ... -
Sonar Observations of Langmuir Circulation and Estimation of Dispersion of Floating Particles
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Observations are described of Langmuir circulation obtained using upward-pointing bottom-mounted sonars, and a methodology to use the data to estimate the dispersion of floating particles is suggested. Observations of ... -
A Continuous Fast-Response Dual-Tracer Analyzer for Halogenated Atmospheric Tracer Studies
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)An apparatus for the simultaneous measurement of two tracers, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and a perfluorocarbon compound, is introduced. The new instrument is a modification of a commercially available fast-response, continuous ... -
Low-Temperature Calibration of Infrared Thermometers
(American Meteorological Society, 1984)A method was developed for calibrating infrared thermometers to properly measure target temperatures ranging from ?70 to 0°C. Once calibrated for this range, the thermometer can then be used to measure the flux of thermal ... -
Improved Retrieval of Integrated Water Vapor from Water Vapor Radiometer Measurements Using Numerical Weather Prediction Models
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Water vapor radiometer (WVR) retrieval algorithms require a priori information on atmospheric conditions along the line of sight of the radiometer in order to derive opacities from observed brightness temperatures. This ... -
Analysis of Supercooled Liquid Water Measurements Using Microwave Radiometer and Vibrating Wire Devices
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)A review is made of the theoretical basis for using a vibrating wire to measure supercooled liquid water in clouds. The device consists of a vibrating wire and associated electronics added to radiosondes. The sensing wire ... -
Lidar Data Inversion for Cirrus Clouds: An Approach Based on a Statistical Analysis of In Situ Microphysical Measurements
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)The problem of the lidar equation inversion lies in the fact that it requires a lidar calibration or else a reference value from the studied medium. This paper presents an approach to calibrate the lidar by calculating the ... -
Performance of Mean-Frequency Estimators for Doppler Radar and Lidar
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)The performance of mean-frequency estimators for Doppler radar and lidar measurements of winds is presented in terms of two basic parameters: Φ, the ratio of the average signal energy per estimate to the spectral noise ... -
A Technique for Detecting a Tropical Cyclone Center Using a Doppler Radar
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)A ground-based Doppler radar technique is developed for detecting a tropical cyclone center position. Accurate determination of the cyclone center position, based on Doppler velocity measurements, will become essential for ... -
Boundary Layer Clear-Air Radar Echoes: Origin of Echoes and Accuracy of Derived Winds
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Boundary layer clear-air echoes are routinely observed with sensitive, microwave, Doppler radars similar to the WSR-88D. Operational and research meteorologists are using these Doppler velocities to derive winds. The ... -
Evaluating the Design of an Earth Radiation Budget Instrument with System Simulations. Part II: Minimization of Instantaneous Sampling Errors for CERES-I
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Much of the new record of broadband earth radiation budget satellite measurements to be obtained during the late 1990s and early twenty-first century will come from the dual-radiometer Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy ... -
The Correction for Thermal-Lag Effects in Sea-Bird CTD Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)A practical method for determining the CTD thermal-lag correction amplitude α and time constant τ is presented. The method is based upon minimizing the salinity separation of temperature-salinity curves from upcasts and ... -
Eddy-Correlation Measurements of Air-Sea Fluxes from a Discus Buoy
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)This paper demonstrates that it is practical to measure turbulent air-sea fluxes from a discus buoy. It proposes a method to correct the measured wind flow, for velocities induced by angular and axial movements of the ... -
Using 3DF GPS Heading for Improving Underway ADCP Data
(American Meteorological Society, 1994)Systematic error in the cross-track velocity measured under way from shipboard acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) can be attributed to error in measuring the ship's heading with a gyrocompass. Drift- and ...