Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting Based on Combination of K-Nearest Neighbor and Support Vector Regression

Abstract

To improve the forecasting accuracy of short-term traffic flow and provide precise and reliable traffic information for traffic management units and travelers, this study proposes a hybrid prediction model that is based on the characteristics of K-nearest neighbor (KNN) method and support vector regression (SVR). The proposed hybrid model, i.e. KNN-SVR, mimics the search mechanism of the KNN method to reconstruct a time series of historical traffic flow that is similar to the current traffic flow. Then, the SVR is used for short-term traffic flow forecasting. Using actual traffic flow data, we study the effect of the traffic flows on target and adjacent section roads and analyze the forecasting accuracy of the proposed model. Results show that the KNN-SVR model that considers the target and adjacent section roads has the best performance, having a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 8.29%. The forecasting error of the KNN-SVR model that considers only the target section road is slightly large, having an average MAPE of 9.16%. Furthermore, the forecasting accuracy of the KNN-SVR model is better than that of traditional prediction models, such as the KNN method, SVR, and neural networks.