Ring Forming: An Upper Bound Approach. Part 3: Constrained Forging and Deep Drawing Applications

Abstract

The generalized ring forming process has been analyzed for a Mises’ material, using an upper bound approach. This analysis allows the motivation for the process to be supplied on any surface and permits the application of external tractions on any other surface of the ring. In this part of the series, application of the general analysis is made to the specific cases of constrained ring forgings and deformation of a flange during deep drawing.