Ring Forming: An Upper Bound Approach. Part 2: Process Analysis and Characteristics

Abstract

The generalized ring forming process has been analyzed for a Mises’ material, using an upper bound approach. This analysis allows the motivation for the process to be supplied on any surface and permits the application of external tractions on any other surface of the ring. In this second part of the series, the analytical equations for the relative forming stress and the radial flow parameter are derived for all three modes of deformation. The characteristics of these equations are shown graphically for a wide range of process parameters. The conditions that lead to the newly introduced “imaginary values” of the neutral radius (Rn ) are identified.