On the Multidimensional Creep Deformation of Ice by Finite Element Analysis

Abstract

This paper deals with the use of finite element analysis of the creep deformation of ice covers subject to localized loads. An incremental deformation approach was adopted and better computational efficiency and stability were achieved with the selection of proper integration schemes for the constitutive equation. A numerical example is included to illustrate the usefullness of the present method. This case deals with the “sinking” of a heavy pipe into the surface of an ice cover, a situation which is analogous to the stability of heavy structures and equipment resting on frozen foundations in the cold region engineering operations. Close agreement between the analytical and experimental results were obtained.