Plane Strain Forging—A Lower Upper Bound Approach

Abstract

A general kinematically admissible velocity field applicable to forging of a rectangular strip of a incompressible material is presented. Generalized shape of any dead zone, if assumed, can be obtained in terms of process parameters from this velocity field. Two different upper bound solutions for average forging pressure are obtained from simple velocity fields which are special cases of proposed general velocity field. Numerical results of the solutions show improvement over previous upper bound solutions published in literature over a certain range of process parameters.