Design of Jet Grouted Excavation Bottom Plugs

Abstract

A methodology for cost-effective design of jet grouted water-sealing bottom plugs is presented in this paper. These massive barriers, made of partially overlapping jet grouted columns, are required to ensure temporary waterproofing to excavation areas and adequate uplift resistance against water loads. Therefore, the proposed calculation procedure simultaneously focuses on the structural performance and continuity of the plug. The design may be optimized by considering the possibility of reducing column length, performing injections only in the lower part of the plug, and leaving the upper part of the plug untreated. The reduction in column length may then result in a very slender slab, and a structural check has to be performed to avoid tension fracturing or overall structural collapse. Additionally, in spite of strict controls, jet grouted columns are never perfectly cylindrical or exactly aligned along their prescribed position, and thus the plug may present imperfections. Statistical evaluation of defects with experimental data from different field trials and their simulation with the Monte Carlo method shows that the imperfections are less relevant for the structural performance of the plug, but must be carefully taken into account in the analysis of seepage. Imperfections have been thus introduced in the structural analysis by means of partial factors evaluated from probabilistic analysis. The latter calculation provides a rule to control the effects of incomplete watertightness of the plug. The introduced relations are expressed with design charts.