Bacterial Leaching of Metals from Tannery Sludge by Indigenous Sulphur-Oxidizing Bacteria—Effect of Sludge Solids Concentration

Abstract

An investigation on the effect of sludge solids concentration on bioleaching of Cr(III) and other metals from tannery sludge by indigenous sulphur-oxidizing bacteria was carried out. The sludge solids concentrations ranged from 13 to 60 g/L. The concentration of elemental sulphur was fixed at 30 g/L. The results showed that the lowest pH reached after 25 days of bioleaching at all studied sludge solids concentration was about 1.3. The optimum sludge solids concentration for maximum metal leaching from tannery sludge was 40 g/L and about 87% of Cr(III), 73% of Al, 72% of Fe, 62% of Mg, and 73% of Zn could be leached in this case. During bioleaching, the concentrations of total and volatile suspended solids of the tannery sludge significantly decreased. The sulphur-oxidizing bacteria could tolerate a Cr(III) concentration as high as 5,930 mg/L at pH 1.3. The leaching efficiencies of Cr(III), Al, and Fe for both chemical leaching and bioleaching of tannery sludge were similar at pH 1.3. The leaching efficiency of Ca, Mg, and Zn in both leaching processes were identical for pH values in the range of 1.3 to 3.0.