Frequency-Dependent Amplification of Unsaturated Surface Soil Layer

Abstract

This paper presents a study of the amplification of SV waves obliquely incident on a surface soil layer overlying rock formation. Special attention is placed on the influence of the saturation states of the soil layer and the bedrock on the amplification in both horizontal and vertical directions as well as on the amplitude ratios between the two directions at the surface, where the vertical and horizontal amplification and the amplitude ratios are expressed as functions of the frequency of incident waves. The analysis indicates that while the influence of the saturation state of the bedrock is insignificant, a change of the saturation state of the soil layer may have a marked impact on the vertical amplification. For typical seismic frequencies, an unsaturated soil layer can generate greater vertical amplification than a saturated layer; it can also cause larger amplitude ratios between vertical and horizontal components at the surface. The analysis further confirms the potential importance of the saturation condition of near-surface soils in site response analysis.