Structural Ice Control: A Review

Abstract

This paper reviews the state of the art in structural ice control, addressing the ranges as well as the limitations of ice retention methods in use today. Structural techniques are grouped according to the main purposes of ice formation and breakup ice control. The objectives and performance of a range of existing ice retention structures are discussed, with special attention given to innovative methods. Typical hydraulic conditions of application for different types of structures are considered, and possible future directions in structural ice control research and development are discussed.