Pathways to Project Effectiveness in Sustainable Communities: Insights from a Residential Satisfaction Evaluation Model

Abstract

In recent years, several studies have investigated occupant satisfaction with green buildings. However, the focus was mostly on office buildings, and very little research has been conducted on user perception of indoor and outdoor features of green residential buildings and their interaction with residential satisfaction. To bridge this research gap, a comprehensive model has been developed, validated, and used for identifying the key factors contributing to the satisfaction of sustainable residential complexes. The model was developed by incorporating existing models and theories and included measures derived from Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards. It consisted of the perceived performance of green building attributes, green infrastructure attributes, neighborhood design attributes, and cost performance attributes. Residential satisfaction was investigated as the response variable. Residents of LEED-certified communities were surveyed, and 192 responses were collected (n = 192). The model validation was conducted through confirmatory factor analysis, and the influence of predictors on the response variable was investigated using structural equation modeling. The preliminary findings indicated green building attributes as the most influential contributors to satisfaction, followed by neighborhood design attributes. After controlling socioeconomic factors like gender, age, education, and income, cost performance also showed a meaningful relationship with satisfaction. Finally, assessing the moderation effects of socioeconomic factors on the relation between residential satisfaction and perceived cost performance showed that this relationship was not affected by those factors. This study provides a valuable resource for both researchers and practitioners, aiding in the advancement of sustainable practices in residential development. This study provides essential insights for builders, developers, and urban planners focused on green residential communities. The research reveals that features associated with green buildings, such as energy efficiency and indoor air quality, significantly enhance resident satisfaction. Therefore, developers should prioritize these high-performance attributes in their designs to foster a positive living environment. Moreover, the research emphasizes that the mere presence of green infrastructure—like public transportation access and green spaces—is insufficient. These features must be easily accessible and aligned with residents' everyday needs. By focusing on visibility and practicality, planners can significantly enhance the perceived value of these amenities. Additionally, the findings challenge the common belief that green homes automatically provide immediate financial benefits. To maximize resident satisfaction and acceptance, developers should clearly communicate the long-term savings associated with sustainable living. Strategies such as offering incentives or explaining cost-saving timelines can make the benefits of green housing more tangible. By integrating these approaches, stakeholders can create more satisfying and successful sustainable communities that appeal to a broader range of residents.