Self-Balancing of an Open–Close Pumping Station Based on the Second-Order Integrator-Delay Model

Abstract

To minimize unit switching, this study investigates the scheduling optimization of open–close pumping stations (OCPS) by focusing on the concept of pumping station self-balancing (PSSB). Specifically, a novel regulatory approach is proposed for OCPSs interconnected with open channels; in addition, a second-order integrator-delay model (SOIDM) is developed and validated. The reliability and accuracy of the model are evaluated using the Nash coefficient, and high fidelity to real-world scenarios is demonstrated. Furthermore, a real-time computational model for water levels during PSSB is derived from the SOIDM model and storage balance principles. Finally, a case study is conducted. The results indicate the feasible domain of PSSB for the inlet-pool water level in the range of 4–5 m, which facilitates the optimal regulation of the pumping station without intervention within the feasible domain. In summary, this study provides a deeper understanding of hydraulic self-balancing mechanisms and equips dispatchers with a practical toolset to optimize pumping station operations without altering the infrastructure. This study introduces a new regulatory approach for open–close pumping stations and develops a second-order integrator-delay model aimed at achieving pumping station self-balancing. Validated by the Nash coefficient, the model demonstrates high reliability and accuracy in real-world scenarios. By deriving a real-time computational model for water levels during PSSB using the SOIDM and principles of storage balance, this study offers a technical means to achieve optimal regulation without the need for manual intervention. For practitioners, the findings reveal that within an inlet-pool water level range of 4–5 m, operations can be optimized without altering the existing infrastructure. This not only reduces the frequency of unit switching but also enhances operational efficiency and stability, providing dispatchers with a practical toolkit to enhance water resource allocation effectiveness.