Optimization and Characterization of Ferrochrome and Recycled Concrete Aggregate Mixes for Pavement Base Layers

Abstract

Utilizing alternate aggregates is crucial for conserving resources, promoting sustainability, and managing waste effectively. The focus of the current study was the utilization of ferrochrome aggregate (FCA) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in cement-treated base layers with the objective of entirely replacing natural coarse aggregate (NCA). The study meticulously prepared cement treated recycled and ferrochrome aggregate (CTRFA) specimens with 3%, 5%, and 7% cement content. These specimens incorporated varying blends of RCA and FCA, ranging from 0% to 100%. Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the mixes by considering strength and durability criteria for cement treated bases (CTB). Microstructural characterization was aimed to explore aggregate surface roughness, mortar hardness, mineral phases, cracks, and elements within the matrix. The outcomes of optimization revealed that the optimal mixture, meeting the specifications of the Indian Road Congress, could be achieved by substituting 61% RCA and 39% FCA with 4.8% cement content.