A Generalized Framework for Assessing Equity in Ground Transportation Infrastructure: Exploratory Study

Abstract

Ground transportation infrastructure significantly impacts community connectivity, economic growth, and access to essential services such as jobs, education, and healthcare. However, in practice, these infrastructures do not provide equitable services for all, and historical disparities have led to inequitable conditions for many individuals. This paper explores diverse definitions of equity relevant to ground infrastructures, examines the consequences of inequitable transportation systems throughout the history of the US highway system, and explores various approaches for conducting equity analysis. Based on the collected information, a generalized framework is introduced to analyze the impact of these infrastructures on transportation equity. The study also provides a novel equity index that can be used to assess equity considering accessibility and affordability. Finally, the framework is applied to a case study in Baltimore, examining the equitable distribution of electric vehicle (EV) chargers. By demonstrating its practical application, the paper offers managers and policymakers a concise step-by-step approach to analyze transportation equity. This method assesses both the socioeconomic features of affected populations and the distribution of services, contributing to the development of a more sustainable ground transport system. Ground transportation infrastructure plays a crucial role in community connectivity, economic growth, improving access to education, and supporting sustainable development. However, ensuring that these benefits are equitably distributed across all communities remains a significant challenge. This study addresses critical questions about what equity means in the context of transportation and how it differs from other forms of equity. By reviewing various definitions and approaches, the paper proposes a comprehensive framework for assessing the equitable distribution of transportation infrastructure. The study also provides a novel equity index that can be used to assess equity, considering accessibility and affordability. The practical application of this framework is demonstrated through a case study in Baltimore, where it was used to analyze the distribution of EV chargers. The findings reveal that EV charging infrastructure is unevenly distributed, with nondisadvantaged communities having slightly better access to charging stations compared with disadvantaged communities. However, the results show that both communities face overall low accessibility to charging infrastructure, highlighting the need for further work to achieve equity in transportation services. These findings underscore the need for standardized approaches to ensure that future transportation infrastructure provides equitable access to services for all communities.