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    Prediction of Geyser Occurrences in Covered Manholes of Urban Stormwater Systems

    Source: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering:;2025:;Volume ( 151 ):;issue: 001::page 04024058-1
    Author:
    Yaohui Chen
    ,
    Shangtuo Qian
    ,
    Yu Qian
    ,
    David Z. Zhu
    ,
    Jiangang Feng
    ,
    Hui Xu
    DOI: 10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-14117
    Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
    Abstract: Storm geysers are air–water eruptions from stormwater manholes during intense rainfalls, which raise public safety concerns. They arise from entrapped air release in stormwater tunnels as flow transitions from open to pressurized. This paper experimentally investigated air–water flow characteristics during air pocket release in covered manholes. Four geyser regimes were identified: no geyser, single air-release geyser, single rapid-filling geyser, and multigeysers. The air-release geyser and rapid-filling geyser refer to ejections of water column and air–water mixture induced by distinct mechanisms. Impacts of manhole diameter, cover ventilation area, system pressure head, and initial air pocket volume on geyser regimes were analyzed. As manhole diameter increases or cover ventilation area decreases, maximum geyser heights decrease, subsequently decreasing the likelihood of geyser occurrence. Higher system pressure head and larger initial air pocket volume increase the maximum geyser heights. Equations were derived to predict the maximum geyser heights, and prediction accuracies exceeded 87%, providing safe predictions of geyser occurrences relative to the manhole height. The findings can help provide advance warning of geysers when combined with information of stormwater system structures and real-time monitoring of operating conditions.
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      Prediction of Geyser Occurrences in Covered Manholes of Urban Stormwater Systems

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    contributor authorYaohui Chen
    contributor authorShangtuo Qian
    contributor authorYu Qian
    contributor authorDavid Z. Zhu
    contributor authorJiangang Feng
    contributor authorHui Xu
    date accessioned2025-04-20T09:57:59Z
    date available2025-04-20T09:57:59Z
    date copyright10/29/2024 12:00:00 AM
    date issued2025
    identifier otherJHEND8.HYENG-14117.pdf
    identifier urihttp://yetl.yabesh.ir/yetl1/handle/yetl/4303743
    description abstractStorm geysers are air–water eruptions from stormwater manholes during intense rainfalls, which raise public safety concerns. They arise from entrapped air release in stormwater tunnels as flow transitions from open to pressurized. This paper experimentally investigated air–water flow characteristics during air pocket release in covered manholes. Four geyser regimes were identified: no geyser, single air-release geyser, single rapid-filling geyser, and multigeysers. The air-release geyser and rapid-filling geyser refer to ejections of water column and air–water mixture induced by distinct mechanisms. Impacts of manhole diameter, cover ventilation area, system pressure head, and initial air pocket volume on geyser regimes were analyzed. As manhole diameter increases or cover ventilation area decreases, maximum geyser heights decrease, subsequently decreasing the likelihood of geyser occurrence. Higher system pressure head and larger initial air pocket volume increase the maximum geyser heights. Equations were derived to predict the maximum geyser heights, and prediction accuracies exceeded 87%, providing safe predictions of geyser occurrences relative to the manhole height. The findings can help provide advance warning of geysers when combined with information of stormwater system structures and real-time monitoring of operating conditions.
    publisherAmerican Society of Civil Engineers
    titlePrediction of Geyser Occurrences in Covered Manholes of Urban Stormwater Systems
    typeJournal Article
    journal volume151
    journal issue1
    journal titleJournal of Hydraulic Engineering
    identifier doi10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-14117
    journal fristpage04024058-1
    journal lastpage04024058-10
    page10
    treeJournal of Hydraulic Engineering:;2025:;Volume ( 151 ):;issue: 001
    contenttypeFulltext
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