Experimental and Computational Investigation of Flow Boiling in a 52 μm Hydraulic Diameter Microchannel Evaporator With Inlet Restrictions and Heat Spreading

Abstract

Microchannel flow boiling presents an effective thermal management strategy for high heat flux (>1 kW/cm2) devices. Fundamental mechanisms of microchannel flow boiling behaviors are difficult to determine due to macroscopic limitations of experimental hardware. In addition, flow stabilizing features of microchannel evaporators such as inlet restrictions and heat spreading further complicate fluid flow and heat transfer dynamics. Computational models, when utilized with experiments, can provide a more detailed understanding of behaviors which cannot be determined experimentally. The present study developed a computational model for flow boiling heat transfer in a 52 μm silicon microchannel evaporator designed to cool a laser diode bar, with inlet restrictions and a nonuniform heating profile at the channel level. A conjugate heat transfer model along with a coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) model was created in ansysfluent and compared with experimental flow boiling data to gain further insights into the performance of a realistic microdevice. Heat spreading in the channel outside of the heater footprint was observed due to the high thermal conductivity of the silicon substrate. The inlet orifices impacted local flow patterns by creating a large pressure drop and forming a recirculation zone immediately downstream. This behavior resulted in pressure recovery zones and regions of separated flow boiling behavior. Bubbly, slug, and churn flows were seen to be dominant flow regimes. The heat transfer coefficient was found to be dependent on heat flux and flow regime, and more weakly on mass flux and outlet vapor quality.