Relative Compatibility Analysis of Aggregate-Binder Systems in Arkansas against Stripping

Abstract

Compatibility holds great importance because it can predict the overall performance of asphalt mixtures. Incompatible aggregate-binder duos can result in a weak and friable mix as well as increase mixtures’ stripping potential. Being unaware, local agencies and contractors often struggle with premature pavement failure, which consequently places unexpected strain on the budget. Thus, this study assessed the compatibility among 18 asphalt binders with a performance grade (PG) of PG 64-22, PG 70-22, and PG 76-22, each collected from six different refineries; and eight different types of aggregates (sandstone, novaculite, limestone, and dolomite, each collected from two different quarries). Viscosity, penetration, pH, and work of cohesion values of binders were used to develop a binder ranking system. Similarly, the aggregates were ranked based on physical (specific gravity and absorption), durability (abrasion resistance and soundness), and chemical (pH and surface free energy) properties. Overall relative rankings of aggregates and binders were also provided by assigning weight factors to different tested parameters. A total of 144 aggregate-binder mixture systems were ranked based on their dry and wet work of adhesion values as well as Texas boiling test results. The compatibility ratio (CR) was also computed, and each of the systems was designated A, B, C, or D based on their relative CR values. Upon analysis, three binders (S2B2, S3B1, and S4B1) and three aggregates (DM2, LS2, and DM1) were designated as the most preferable construction materials. CR values predicted LS2, DM1, and DM2 mixtures as the most compatible mixtures. SS2, LS1, and DM2 mixtures showed the highest stripping resistance in the Texas boiling test. These databases are expected to help the agency and asphalt producers to select compatible binders and aggregates for producing durable asphalt concrete. This study covered a wide variety of aggregates and asphalt binders prevalent in but not limited to Arkansas. A database developed under this project was based on observed individual aggregates’ and binders’ performances as well as their combined performances. The information provided in this study will help contractors and agencies to choose the most appropriate aggregate-binder system within their reach for producing quality asphalt mixtures. By knowing the rankings, state agencies can adjust project budgets and assign timely rehabilitation due to the usage of less compatible aggregate-binder systems. Contractors can tweak the existing mix design if they must use local but inferior materials. This ranking will also help them to select project-specific materials depending on the project’s significance. The refineries as well will have the opportunity to improve their products to be more compatible with local materials.