| description abstract | Volume and salt concentrations in Marcellus flowback water depend on geology, drilling and completions, stimulation and flowback operations. Recent studies include evaluations of geochemical origins based on the compostition concentrations, flowback sampling analysis and numerical studies. However, an in-depth understanding of chemical compositions as well as the changes of compositions is still needed. In this paper, we will first review the literature related to flowback water in Marcellus shale gas wells to fully understand the chemistry, geochemistry, and physics governing a fracture treatment, shut-in, and flowback. We will then gather all public and in-house flowback data, named as 3-week or 3-month flowback in this work, to build a data set of flowback water compositions. After data screening, we will then analyze this database using four different methods: geographical changes over time, linear regression, clustering, and multi-variable analysis. New understandings such as the magnitude and prevailing trends of concentrations for target constituents as well as the correlations among flowback compositions, the differentiation between early and late-time flowback water were obtained and explained on the basis of geochemistry and physics. This helps production companies and other stakeholders to better manage and reuse waste water for energy production. | |
