Determining Multilevel Drivers of Perceiving Undesirable Taste and Odor in Tap Water: Joint Modeling Approach

Abstract

Aesthetic considerations of tap water do not necessarily indicate public health threats. If consumers notice the taste or odor of their tap water, however, they are likely to think differently of the water provider. The source of the problem is often nuisance chemicals, and although these chemicals can be measured, their detection is relative and may vary based on a person’s sociodemographics. This study aims to identify the sociodemographic and geographic parameters that influence users’ recognition of select tap water aesthetic issues. To do so, a bivariate binary probit model is used. Enabling this study is a household survey conducted in 2016 in Austin, Texas. Results indicate that the drivers of noticing odor and taste occur at the individual, household, and regional levels. By identifying factors that influence people’s perceptions of aesthetic considerations, water providers may develop outreach campaigns and make decisions that address the groups revealed in this analysis (e.g., users who pay their water bill). Additionally, this study demonstrates how joint modeling can be used to more accurately capture relationships in the water sector.