Determinants of Adoption of Robotics in Precast Concrete Production for Buildings

Abstract

Robotics is an important technological innovation in building prefabrication to fully capitalize on the benefits of off-site construction, but its uptake has been low. This paper explores the determinants affecting the adoption of robotics in building prefabrication, with a focus on precast concrete elements. A qualitative multiple-case-study method was used, with four selected case companies: two precast concrete manufacturers and two robotics suppliers. Data were collected through observation, document analysis, and in-depth interviews, drawing on the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework. The results reveal that whether a precast concrete manufacturer adopts robotics rests more on the environmental and organizational context than on technological advancements. A framework of nine key determinants is derived, in which the interactions between determinants are manifested and the chain of coupled influence to the adoption decision is mapped. Regulatory environment, compatibility, interconnectedness, and firm size were found to be the most critical determinants because they were the most influential. Strategies are recommended for different stakeholders to facilitate their future adoption and application of robotics, such as increasing governmental support and product standardization, improving technical sophistication and versatility, strategizing market-oriented technology, and strengthening organizational interconnectedness. The findings provide important implications for the future adoption of robotics in precast concrete production for buildings.