Influence of Ceramic Waste as Fine Aggregate in Concrete: Pozzolanic, XRD, FT-IR, and NMR Investigations

Abstract

Fine ceramic aggregates prepared from various types of tableware bone china ceramic was used in concrete. The raw fine bone china aggregates were evaluated for pozzolanic activity using the Frattini test, saturated lime test, and strength activity index test. The compressive strength results showed that up to 6% of the fine bone china ceramic aggregate (FBCCA) can be used to produce concrete with desirable strength characteristics. The pozzolanic behavior of fine bone china aggregate acts as an accelerator to form calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), improving the microstructure properties of the concrete. Investigations were made by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy analysis (FT-IR), and Si29 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results revealed that an additional amount of CSH gel can be gained when using fine bone china aggregate.