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    Factors Determining the Asymmetry of ENSO

    Source: Journal of Climate:;2017:;volume( 030 ):;issue: 016::page 6097
    Author:
    Liang, Jin;Yang, Xiu-Qun;Sun, De-Zheng
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0923.1
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Abstract: AbstractA fundamental aspect of the observed ENSO is the positive asymmetry between its two phases: the strongest El Niño is stronger than the strongest La Niña. The nonlinear term in the equation for the surface ocean heat budget has been theorized as a cause of the asymmetry. This theory is challenged by the diversity of asymmetry among the CMIP5 models: these models all employ primitive equations and thus have the nonlinear term in the heat budget equation for the ocean surface, yet the asymmetry simulated by these models ranges from significantly negative to significantly positive. Here, the authors employ an analytical but nonlinear model?a model that simulates the observed ENSO asymmetry?to show that the nonlinear heating term does not guarantee the oscillation in the system to possess positive asymmetry. Rather, the system can have regimes with negative, zero, and positive asymmetry. The regime in which the system finds itself depends on a multitude of physical parameters. Moreover, the range of certain physical parameters for the system to fall in the regime with positive asymmetry in the oscillation is rather narrow, underscoring the difficulty of simulating the observed ENSO asymmetry by CMIP5 models. Moreover, stronger positive asymmetry is found to be associated with a more complicated oscillation pattern: the two adjacent strongest warm events are spaced farther apart and more small events occur in between. These results deepen the understanding of factors that are behind the asymmetry of ENSO and offer paths to take to improve model-simulated ENSO asymmetry.
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      Factors Determining the Asymmetry of ENSO

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    contributor authorLiang, Jin;Yang, Xiu-Qun;Sun, De-Zheng
    date accessioned2018-01-03T11:01:31Z
    date available2018-01-03T11:01:31Z
    date copyright5/11/2017 12:00:00 AM
    date issued2017
    identifier otherjcli-d-16-0923.1.pdf
    identifier urihttp://138.201.223.254:8080/yetl1/handle/yetl/4246198
    description abstractAbstractA fundamental aspect of the observed ENSO is the positive asymmetry between its two phases: the strongest El Niño is stronger than the strongest La Niña. The nonlinear term in the equation for the surface ocean heat budget has been theorized as a cause of the asymmetry. This theory is challenged by the diversity of asymmetry among the CMIP5 models: these models all employ primitive equations and thus have the nonlinear term in the heat budget equation for the ocean surface, yet the asymmetry simulated by these models ranges from significantly negative to significantly positive. Here, the authors employ an analytical but nonlinear model?a model that simulates the observed ENSO asymmetry?to show that the nonlinear heating term does not guarantee the oscillation in the system to possess positive asymmetry. Rather, the system can have regimes with negative, zero, and positive asymmetry. The regime in which the system finds itself depends on a multitude of physical parameters. Moreover, the range of certain physical parameters for the system to fall in the regime with positive asymmetry in the oscillation is rather narrow, underscoring the difficulty of simulating the observed ENSO asymmetry by CMIP5 models. Moreover, stronger positive asymmetry is found to be associated with a more complicated oscillation pattern: the two adjacent strongest warm events are spaced farther apart and more small events occur in between. These results deepen the understanding of factors that are behind the asymmetry of ENSO and offer paths to take to improve model-simulated ENSO asymmetry.
    publisherAmerican Meteorological Society
    titleFactors Determining the Asymmetry of ENSO
    typeJournal Paper
    journal volume30
    journal issue16
    journal titleJournal of Climate
    identifier doi10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0923.1
    journal fristpage6097
    journal lastpage6106
    treeJournal of Climate:;2017:;volume( 030 ):;issue: 016
    contenttypeFulltext
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