Effect of Earthquake on Combined Pile–Raft Foundation

Abstract

The combined pile–raft foundation (CPRF) has been widely recognized as economic and rational foundation for high-rise buildings when subjected to vertical loading because of its effectiveness in load sharing by both raft and pile components. This results in smaller total and differential settlements with a reduced number of piles as compared with group piles. Until recently, the behavior of CPRF when subjected to lateral and real earthquake loading conditions in addition to vertical loads has not been well understood as a result of the complexities involved in the interaction of the pile, soil, and raft under such loading considerations. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the behavior of CPRF with the use of centrifuge testing and a numerical model under pseudostatic and dynamic loading conditions carried out with finite-element software. After successful validation of the present CPRF model with both centrifuge and numerical model results, the same model was used for further study under El-Centro 1979, Loma Prieta 1989, Bhuj 2001 and Sikkim 2011 real earthquake pseudostatic loading and real acceleration–time history. The maximum displacement and bending moment were observed at the pile head, which is attributable to the rigid fixity of the piles with the raft. The crossover point in the bending moment profile was observed at shallow depths for all cases of loading. The occurrence of the resonance condition that yielded maximum horizontal displacement of the CPRF as a result of one of the input motions is also highlighted in the present study. The difference in the response of soil just below the raft of the CPRF and at the far field indicated that near-field and far-field ground motions were not in tandem. A case study on an existing CPRF of Messeturm Tower, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, is also presented. The existing CPRF of Messeturm Tower was modeled and analyzed under static and pseudostatic loading conditions. Obtained results show good correlation with the static field-measured results. Results in terms of bending moment in piles, total settlements, and normalized lateral displacement (u/D) are reported. The present findings are useful because they provide broader understanding of the response of the CPRF under pseudostatic and dynamic loading conditions.